Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuel on performance and emission characteristics of the test motorcycle engine

Figures & data

Table 1. Specifications of test engines and motorcycles.

Engine
Type	Air-cooled 4-stroke single DOHC
Displacement	97,100 cm^3
Transmission	4-speed forward manual
Mileage (km)	50,000 km
Engine	Single cylinder, OHC 2 valves, Spark ignition
Original fuel system type	Carburetor
Displacement (cm^3)	97
Bore x Stroke (mm)	50 x 49.5
Maximum engine speed (rpm)	10,000
Maximum power output (kW)	5 kW/8000 rpm
Maximum torque output (Nm)	7.0 Nm/5500 rpm
Compression ratio	9:1
Cooling system type	Air-cooled

Table 2. Properties of test fuels.

Characteristics		Mogas 92	E5	E10	E15	E20
Distillation temperature (^oC)	IBP	38.9	48.05	57.2	66.35	75.5
	t10	53.6	59.45	65.3	71.15	77
	t50	93.6	89.7	85.8	81.9	78
	t90	158.6	138.7	118.8	98.9	79
	EBP	180	165.75	151.5	137.25	123
Octane number		92	92	96	100	104
Latent heat of vaporization (kJ/kg)		270	270	412.5	555	697.5
C content (wt%)		85	85	76.8	68.6	60.4
O content (wt%)		0	0	8.675	17.35	26.025
Density (kg/liter)		0.73	0.73	0.7465	0.763	0.7795
LHV (MJ/kg)		44	44	39.7	35.4	31.1
A/F Ratio (kg)		14.7	14.7	13.265	11.83	10.395

Figure 1. The schematic of the experimental system.

Figure 2. Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels on the vehicle performance corresponding to: (a) gear 1, (b) gear 2, (c) gear 3, (d) gear 4.

Figure 3. Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels on the CO emissions corresponding to: (a) gear 1, (b) gear 2, (c) gear 3, (d) gear 4.

Figure 4. Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels on the HC emissions corresponding to: (a) gear 1, (b) gear 2, (c) gear 3, (d) gear 4.

Figure 5. Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels on the NOx emissions corresponding to: (a) gear 1, (b) gear 2, (c) gear 3, (d) gear 4.

Figure 6. HC, NOx emissions for the different fuels according to the ECE driving cycle.

Table

BSFC	Brake specific fuel consumption
IBP	Initial boiling point
EBP	End boiling point
LHV	Lower heating value
DOHC	Dual overhead camshafts
CO	Carbon monoxide l
HC	Hydrocarbon
NOx	Nitrogen oxides
PM	Particulate matter
OHC	Overhead camshafts wall