Impact of lane-changing behavior on traffic emissions of road sections in multi-dimensional mixed traffic flow environment

Figures & data

Figure 1. Model construction idea.

Figure 2. Emission curves of fuel vehicle and electric vehicle.

Figure 3. Lane-changing behavior of the preceding vehicle.

Figure 4. Stability analysis diagram（$0.2\le r\le 0.5$. (a) $r=0.2$ (b) $r=0.3$ (c) $r=0.4$ (d) $r=0.5$.

Figure 5. Basic diagram of IDM.

Table 1. Parameter calibration table.

Driver’s personality	Expected time headway
Aggressive	1.2 s
Conservative	2 s

Table 2. Parameter calibration table.

Parameter name	Notation	Value (unit)
Maximum acceleration	$a$	1（m/s^2）
Maximum deceleration	$b$	2 or 2.8（m/s^2）
Free flow velocity	$v_f$	22.2（m/s）
Vehicle length	$l$	5（m）
Minimum stopping distance	$s_0$	2（m）
Vehicle offset distance	$b_n$	0–1.5（m）
Correction time headway	$T$	1.86
Front vehicle feedback coefficient	$r$	0.3
Lateral distance utility parameter	$\alpha$	0.055
Lateral offset utility parameter	$\beta$	8.5
Number of lanes	$d$	1

Figure 6. Energy consumption of each BEV penetration rate.

Figure 7. Traffic flow energy consumption reduction rate.

Figure 8. Comparison figure of traffic flow energy consumption reduction rate.

Figure 9. Multi-dimensional mixed traffic flow energy consumption surface. (a) Without considering lane-changing. (b) Considering lane-changing.

Table

BEV	Battery electric vehicle
CACC	Cooperative adaptive cruise control
FV	Fuel vehicle
FV-BEV	Fuel vehicle-battery electric vehicle
HDV-CACC	Human-driven vehicle-cooperative adaptive cruise control

Data availability statement

Due to the nature of this research, participants of this study did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, so supporting data is not available.