Impact of a person-centred group intervention on life satisfaction and engagement in activities among persons aging in the context of migration^‡

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of participants at baseline.

	CG	IG	Total
	n = 75(%)	n = 56(%)	n = 131(%)
Age range (mean, SD)	70–84 (74.2, SD 3.4)	70–82 (74.0, SD 3,4)	70–84 (74.1, SD 3,4)
Male, n (%)	29 (52)	37 (49)	66 (50)
Living alone, n (%)	32 (43)	31 (51)	63 (48)
Type of housing
Tenant	38 (51)	30 (54)	68 (52)
Owner of apartment	17 (23)	9 (16)	26 (20)
Owner of house	19 (25)	16 (28)	35 (27)
Other	1 (1)	1 (2)	2 (1,5)
Education, n (%)
Tertiary education^a	12 (16)	8 (14)	20 (16)
Low education^b	13 (18)	15 (27)	28 (22)
Migrated from, n (%)
Balkan Peninsula	38 (51)	22 (39)	60 (46)
Finland	37 (49)	34 (61)	71 (54)
Years lived in Sweden, n (%)
≥21years	63 (84)	51 (91)	114 (87)
Reason for migration, n (%)
Labor	20 (27)	27 (50)	47 (37)
Refugee	17 (23)	9 (17)	26 (20)
Family	9 (12)	7 (13)	16 (13)
Other	27 (37)	11 (20)	38 (30)
Good self-rated ability to speak Swedish in contact with authorities, n (%)	66 (88)	51 (91)	117 (89)

Table 2. Proportion of participants and comparison of engagement in activities at baseline in CG and IG.

Engagement in activities	CG n = 75	IG n = 56	p
	n (%)	n (%)
Solitary-sedentary activities
Watching TV, radio	75 (100)	56 (100)
Reading books/papers/magazines	71 (95)	53 (95)	0.995
Playing bingo	16 (21)	15 (27)	0.468
Crossword puzzle	28 (37)	24 (43)	0.297
Following news	75 (100)	56 (100)
Solitary-active activities
Hobbies (knitting, painting…)	43 (57)	28 (50)	0.405
Gardening/flowers	38 (51)	30 (54)	0.742
Exercise	32 (43)	26 (46)	0.668
Light physical activities	15 (20)	12 (21)	0.842
Social-cultural activities
Theatre/concert/Exhibition	37 (49)	28 (50)	0.940
Study circle	17 (23)	7 (13)	0.142
Church activities	15 (20)	17 (30)	0.175
Social-friendship activities
Visiting senior center	16 (21)	16 (29)	0.341
Fellowship	11 (15)	13 (23)	0.214
Travelling	52 (69)	35 (63)	0.413
Pensioner association activities	27 (36)	18 (32)	0.646
Associations/not immigrant	16 (21)	14 (25)	0.622
Associations/immigrant	22 (29)	17 (30)	0.899

Figure 1. The flow of participants through promoting aging migrants’ capabilities study and the reasons for declining participation at 6 months and 1 year follow-ups.

Table 3. Differences in proportion of dropouts and participants at 6 months and 1 year.

	6-months		p	1-year		p
	Dropouts	Participants		Dropouts	Participants
	n = 22 (%)	n = 109 (%)		n = 26 (%)	n = 105 (%)
Sex (male)	73	46	0.022*	65	47	0.087
Living alone	27	52	0.032*	35	51	0.124
Migrated from the Wester Balkan	82	39	0.000***	81	37	0.000***
Good self-rated overall ability to speak Swedish when in contact with authorities	68	81	0.190	62	83	0.018*
Mini-Mental State Examination ≥25 points	77	96	0.007**	77	97	0.002**

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; **** < 0.001.

Table 4. Amount of participants who evaluate their life satisfaction as satisfactory at baseline.

	CG n = 75 (%)	IG n = 56 (%)
Life as a whole	71 (95)	51 (91)
Vocational situation	68 (91)	52 (93)
Financial situation	62 (83)	49 (88)
Leisure	69 (92)	52 (93)
Contacts with friends	66 (88)	48 (86)
Ability to manage self-care	71 (95)	54 (96)
Physical health	64 (85)	39 (70)
Psychological health	68 (91)	50 (89)

Table 5. Proportion (%), odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-value for maintenance or improvement of life satisfaction at 6 months and 1 year followup between control group and intervention group.

Outcome measure	CG^1	IG	p
	n (%)	n 56 (%)
	OR	OR (CI)
Life as a whole
6 months	52 (69)	34 (61)	0.305
	1.00	0.68 (033–1,41)
1 year	48 (64)	63	0.860
	1.00	0.94 (0.46–1.92)
Vocational situation
6 months	48 (64)	73	0.265
	1.00	1.54 (0.72–3.28)
1 year	41 (55)	66	0.190
	1.00	1.61 (0.79–3.30)
Financial situation
6 months	50 (67)	70	0.718
	1.00	1.15 (0.54–2.42)
1 year	50 (67)	63	0.621
	1.00	0.83 (0.40–1.72)
Leisure
6 months	63	57	0.523
	1.00	0.79 (0.39–1.61)
1 year	57	59	0.855
	1.00	1.07 (0.53–2.15)
Contacts with friends
6 months	65	70	0.604
	1.00	1.22 (0.58–2.56
1 year	60	71	0.177
	1.00	1.67 (0.79–3.50)
Ability to manage self-care
6 months	55	59	0.627
	1.00	1.19 (0.59–2.40)
1 year	48	45	0.703
	1.00	0.87 (0.44–1.75)
Physical health
6 months	57	54	0.668
	1.00	0.86 (0.43–1.72)
1 year	64	54	0.230
	1.00	0.65 (0.32–1.31)
Psychological health
6 months	53	63	0.657
	1.00	1.17 (0.58–2.39)
1 year	52	63	0.281
	1.00	1.54 (0.76–3.12)

Table 6. Proportions of persons engaged in activities at 6 months and 1-year post intervention and corresponding ORs.

Outcome measure	CG n = 75 %	IG n = 56 %	p
	OR	OR (95%CI)
Maintain or improve engagement in some/any activity of interest
6 months	65	77	0.158
	1.00	1.76 (0.80–3.84)
1 year	68	64	0.656
	1.00	0.85 (0.41–1.76)
Maintain or improve engagement in solitary-sedentary activities
6 months	93	88	0.259
	1.00	0.50 (0.15-1.67)
1 year	87	91	0.436
	1.00	1.57 (0.50-4.88)
Maintain or improve engagement in solitary-active activities
6 months	73	75	0.830
	1.00	1.09 (0.49–2.41)
1 year	75	73	0.851
	1.00	0.93 (0.42–2.04)
Maintain or improve engagement in social-cultural activities
6 months	81	88	0.344
	1.00	1.61 (0.60–4.29)
1 year	72	77	0.537
	1.00	1.29 (0.58–2.86)
Maintain or improve engagement in social-friendship activities
6 months	80	84	0.566
	1.00	1.31 (0.53–3.24)
1 year	80	79	0.842
	1.00	0.92 (0.39–2.15