Pericapsular nerve group block for analgesia of positioning pain during spinal anesthesia in hip fracture patients, a randomized controlled study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study flow chart.

Figure 2. Ultrasound view showing land marks for the PENG block (A) and local anesthetic spread (B).

FA: femoral artery, FN: femoral nerve, IPE: iliopectineal imminence, Ps.M: Psoas muscle and tendon, LA: local anesthetic.

Table 1. Basal characteristics for the included patients in the two study groups. Data are presented as mean±SD, median (interquartile range).

	Control group n = 30	PENG group n = 30
Age (years)	57 ± 8	54 ± 11
Weight (Kg)	74 ± 13	72 ± 9
Height (cm)	167 ± 8	167 ± 6
BMI (kg/m^2)	25 ± 8	27 ± 5
Fracture age (days)	4(4)	4(8)
Basal VAS	5.5 ± 0.5	5.2 ± 0.8

BMI: body mass index, INR: international normalized ratio, DM: Diabetes Mellitus, HTN: Hypertension

Table 2. Spinal anesthesia trial outcomes in the two groups. Data are presented as mean±SD or n (%).

	Control n = 30	PENG n = 30	P
Time to CSF flow (sec)	38 ± 11	33 ± 8	0.08
Number of trials	1.2 ± 0.5	1.1 ± 0.3	0.43
Patient sitting angle n (%)
Good	1 (3%)	26 (87%)
Average	23 (77%)	3 (10%)	0.00*
Poor	6 (20%)	1 (3%)
Operator satisfaction n (%)	12 (40%)	27 (90%)	0.00*

CSF: cerebrospinal fluid, sec: seconds

*P value is considered significant if less than 0.05

Figure 3. Pain profile expressed by the patients during positioning for spinal anesthesia.

*P-value is significant if less than 0.05

Figure 4. Hemodynamic parameters (HR, MAP) for the study groups before at admission to OR and at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after the block and immediately after positioning for spinal anesthesia.

*P-value is significant if less than 0.05