Bilateral continuous erector spinae block versus multimodal intravenous analgesia in coronary bypass surgery. A Randomized Trial

Figures & data

Figure 1. Ultrasonographic picture of catheter insertion for continuous ESPB

Figure 2. Flow consort chart

Table 1. Demographic data of both groups

	Group A	Group B	Test value	P-value
	No. = 20	No. = 20
Age (years)	56.40 ± 4.81	57.25 ± 5.06	−0.545•	0.589
Females	7 (35.0%)	9 (45.0%)	0.417*	0.519
Males	13 (65.0%)	11 (55.0%)
Weight (kg)	83.50 ± 6.00	84.25 ± 5.68	−0.406•	0.687
Height (cm)	170.85 ± 6.25	172.00 ± 5.29	−0.628•	0.534
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.60 ± 1.31	28.49 ± 1.71	0.232•	0.818
Duration of surgical Intervention (h)	3.74 ± 0.57	3.81 ± 0.58	0.378•	0.708

BMI= ciBody Mass Index. *: Chi-square test; •: Independent t-test. P-value >0.05: Non-significant; P-value <0.05: Significant.

Table 2. Intraoperative heart rate (beats/min) at different times of the study

	Group A	Group B	Test value	P-value
	No. = 20	No. = 20
HR baseline	72.1 ± 3.81	72.60 ± 3.83	−0.414	0.681
HR before skin incision	66.70 ± 4.24	67.70 ± 2.87	0.873	0.388
HR after skin incision	67.2 ± 3.75	64.75 ± 1.89	2.610	0.013
HR after sternotomy	74.35 ± 3.31	64.3 ± 3.23	9.714	0.000
HR after bypass	101.2 ± 3.64	98.95 ± 4.26	1.796	0.080
HR before transfer to ICU	91.35 ± 2.78	90.6 ± 1.85	1.006	0.321

HR = Heart Rate. ICU = Intensive Care Unit. P-value >0.05: Non-significant; P-value <0.05: Significant. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Independent t-test.

Table 3. Intraoperative Mean arterial blood pressure (mmhg) at different times of the study

	Group A	Group B	Testvalue	P-value
	No. = 20	No. = 20
MAP baseline	92.30 ± 2.74	91.15 ± 4.40	0.992	0.328
MAP before skin incision	74.85 ± 2.64	73.80 ± 4.91	0.843	0.405
MAP after skin incision	71.85 ± 5.13	66.60 ± 2.96	3.962	0.000
MAP after sternotomy	86.9 ± 4.09	72.3 ± 4.03	11.375	0.000
MAP after bypass	67.65 ± 2.81	66.7 ± 2.94	1.044	0.303
MAP before transfer to ICU	73 ± 3.04	71.7 ± 1.95	1.609	0.116

Table 4. VAS scores in both groups at different times of the study

	Group A	Group B	Test Value	P-Value
	No. = 20	No. = 20
VAS 0	3 (2–3) 1–5	2 (1.5–3) 0–4	2.278	0.023
VAS 4	2 (2–3) 1–5	2 (1–2) 1–3	2.672	0.008
VAS 8	4 (3–5) 2–7	2 (2–3) 1–4	4.152	0.000
VAS 12	3 (3–4.5) 2–5	2 (1–3) 1–4	3.702	0.000
VAS 24	2.5 (2–3) 2–4	3 (1–2) 1–3	3.408	0.001
VAS 48	2 (2–3) 1–4	1.5 (1–2) 1–4	2.524	0.012

VAS = Visual Analog Scale. P-value >0.05: Non-significant; P-value <0.05: Significant. Mann–Whitney test.

Table 5. Intraoperative fentanyl, postoperative morphine and the number of episodes of rescue analgesia in both groups

	Group A	Group B	Test Value	P-Value
	No. = 20	No. = 20
Intraoperative fentanyl (μg)	685 ± 99.47	403.75 ± 44.63	11.537	0.000
Postoperative morphine (mg)	32.3 ± 5.04	15.9 ± 2.63	12.902	0.000
Breakthrough pain episodes (number of attacks)	7.15 ± 1.09	2.75 ± 1.29	11.640	0.000

P-value >0.05: Non-significant; P-value <0.05: Significant. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Independent t-test.

Figure 3. Peak inspiratory flow after extubation assessed by incentive respirometry

Table 6. Extubation time, ICU stay and perioperative complications

	Group A	Group B	Test value	P-value
	No. = 20	No. = 20
Extubation period (h)	6.08 ± 0.69	4.96 ± 0.71	5.055•	0.000
ICU stay (h)	47.06 ± 5.08	35.52 ± 3.87	8.078•	0.000
Intraoperative bradycardia (number of patients)	3 (15%)	2 (10.0%)	0.229*	0.632
Intraoperative hypotension (number of patients)	4 (20.0%)	5 (25.0%)	0.143*	0.705

ICU = Intensive Care Unit. P-value >0.05: Non-significant; P-value <0.05: Significant.

•: Independent t-test. *: Chi-square test.

Availability of data and materials: Please contact the author for data requests.