Impact of timing of midazolam administration on incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery: A randomized, double-blinded, controlled study

Figures & data

Figure 1. CONSORT flow diagram of the patients.

Table 1. Demographic and operative criteria of the studied groups.

		Group M1(n = 40)	Group M2(n = 40)	Group C(n = 40)	P-value
Age (yrs)		37.38 ± 12.19	38.15 ± 13.82	36.85 ± 11.77	0.9
BMI (kg/m^2)		28.50 ± 3.71	27.73 ± 3.99	27.18 ± 4.25	0.3
ASA (n%)	I	31 (77.5%)	27 (76.5%)	29 (72.5%)	0.6
	II	9 (22.5%)	13 (32.5%)	11 (27.5%)
Duration of surgery (min)		77.58 ± 21.74	79.08 ± 24.13	76.75 ± 22.28	0.9
Duration of anesthesia (min)		95.28 ± 22.94	98.20 ± 23.00	96.18 ± 24.81	0.9
Intraoperative opioid need (n%)		23 (57.5%)	19 (47.5%)	21 (52.5%)	0.7
Emergence time (min)		11.2 ± 2.45	12.25 ± 2.69	12.05 ± 2.78	0.2

Data are presented as mean ± SD and n (%).

Table 2. Postoperative clinical criteria of the studied groups.

	Group M1(n = 40)	Group M2(n = 40)	Group C(n = 40)	P-value
PACU discharge time (min)	18.98 ± 3.50	19.85 ± 4.34	17.75 ± 3.93	0.06
Sedation score	2 (1–3)	2 (1.25–3)	2 (1–2)	0.13
Time to oral intake (hr)	3.45 ± 1.91	3.08 ± 1.97	5.38 ± 2.96	<0.001*
First attack of vomiting (min)^1	263.33 ± 220.79	458.33 ± 347.93	128.80 ± 106.76	0.009*
Rescue analgesic use n (%)	13 (32.5)	12 (30)	14 (35)	0.9

Data are presented as mean ± SD, n (%), and median (IQR). *Statistically significant (P < 0.05).

¹M1 = 9, M2 = 6, C = 20

Figure 2. Visual Analog Scale in different time periods postoperative.

Table 3. Incidence and severity of PONV and rescue antiemetics need in the studied groups.

Variables	M1 (n = 40)	M2 (n = 40)	C (n = 40)	p-value
0–2 hr
Nausea	6 (15)	5 (12.5)	13 (32.5)	0.06
Severity	34/2/1/3	35/2/1/2	27/4/4/5	0.4
Vomiting	3 (7.5)	2 (5)	9 (22.5)	0.03*
Rescue antiemetics	4 (10)	2 (5)	10 (25)	0.02*
Complete response	34 (85)	35 (87.5)	27 (67.5)	0.006*
2–6 hr
Nausea	9 (22.5)	7 (17.5)	15 (37)	0.1
Severity	31/2/4/3	33/3/2/2	25/4/7/4	0.5
Vomiting	4 (10)	2 (5)	9 (22.5)	0.06
Rescue antiemetics	4 (10)	3 (7.5)	10 (25)	0.06
Complete response	31 (77.5)	33 (82.5)	25 (62)	0.1
6–24 hr
Nausea	5 (12.5)	4 (10)	5 (12.5)	0.9
Severity	35/3/1/1	36/2/1/1	34/2/1/2	0.9
Vomiting	1 (2.5)	2 (5)	2 (5)	0.8
Rescue antiemetics	2 (5)	2 (5)	3 (7.5)	0.9
Complete response	35 (87.5)	36 (90)	34 (85)	0.8
0–24 hr
Severe nausea	7 (17.5)	5 (12.5)	13 (32.5)	0.07
Vomiting	9 (22.5)	6 (15)	20 (50)	0.004*
Rescue antiemetics	10 (25)	7 (17.5)	22 (55)	0.002*
Complete response	20 (50)	23 (57.5)	13 (32.5)	0.07

Data are presented n (%). *Statistically significant (P < 0.05).