Noninvasive continuous hemoglobin monitoring of blood transfusion in obstetric procedures

Figures & data

Figure 1. CONSORT flowchart of the enrolled patients.

Table 1. Characteristics of the study population.

	Mean ± SD		Range
Age (y)	29.07 ± 6.54		18–40
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.13 ± 5.45		18–35
Parity	Median = 3		1–6
Gestational age (w.)	36.60 ± 1.58		34–40
Medical disorders
Placenta accreta	12 (20%)
Placenta previa	20 (33%)
Previous CS	56 (93%)
Duration of CS (min)	48.73 ± 24.48	20–95
Intraoperative complications
Bleeding	48 (80%)
Bleeding and hysterectomy	8 (13%)
Bleeding and atony	4 (7%)
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	1322.67 ± 540.70		700–2500
APGAR score at 5 minutes	Median = 8		5–10
NICU admission	13 (22%)

Data are presented as mean ± SD (or median) and range or as number and percentage, CS: Caesarean section, NICU: Neonatal intensive care, APGAR: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration, BMI: body mass index.

Table 2. Comparison between noninvasive Hb (SpHb) and laboratory hemoglobin (Invasive Hb).

		Mean ± SD	Range	P value^#
Baseline Hb	SpHb	8.7 ± 1.45	6.7–13	0.196
	Invasive Hb	8.35 ± 1.46	6.4–12.5
Pretransfusion Hb	SpHb	7.49 ± 1.03	6–10.4	0.092
	Invasive Hb	7.18 ± 0.98	5.8–10
Posttransfusion Hb	SpHb	11.21 ± 1.05	9.4–13.1	0.570
	Invasive Hb	11.1 ± 1.11	7.8–13.1

^#data are compared by Student’s T test, Hb: hemoglobin, SpHb: Non-invasive hemoglobin.

Figure 2. Correlation between baseline noninvasive Hb (SpHb) and Laboratory hemoglobin (Invasive Hb).

Figure 3. Correlation between pretransfusion noninvasive Hb (SpHb) and Laboratory hemoglobin (Invasive Hb).

Figure 4. Correlation between posttransfusion SpHb and Invasive Hb.

Figure 5. Bland–Altman analysis between baseline noninvasive Hb (SpHb) and Laboratory hemoglobin (Invasive Hb).

Figure 6. Bland–Altman analysis between pretransfusion noninvasive Hb (SpHb) and Laboratory hemoglobin (Invasive Hb).

Figure 7. Bland–Altman analysis between posttransfusion noninvasive Hb (SpHb) and Laboratory hemoglobin (Invasive Hb).