Effects of preoperative intravenous glutamine administration on cardiac and renal functions in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgeries: A randomized double-blind controlled trial

Figures & data

Figure 1. CONSORT flowchart of the studied groups.

Table 1. Demographic data and clinical characteristics in the two studied groups.

Variables	Group N (Glutamine group) (n = 30)	Group C (Placebo group) (n = 30)	p-Value
Age (years)	34 ± 8	30 ± 6	0.61
Gender (male/female)	13/17	14/16	0.5
Weight (kg)	75 ± 13	72 ± 12	0.4
Height (cm)	167 ± 9	167 ± 7	0.82
BMI (kg/m^2)	27 ± 3	26 ± 3	0.18
Duration of mechanical ventilation (h)	6 ± 2	6 ± 2	0.83
ICU stay (days)	3 ± 1	4 ± 1	<0.001*
Hospital stay (days)	7 ± 1	8 ± 1	0.006*

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD or ratio. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. *p-Value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Table 2. Perioperative serum proBNP in the studied groups.

ProB Natriuretic peptide (Pro BNP) level (ng/ml)	Group N (Glutamine group) (n = 30)	Group C (Placebo group) (n = 30)	p-Value
Preoperative proBNP	12 ± 3	22 ± 4	0.217
1st day postoperative proBNP	1 ± 0.5**	29 ± 5**	<0.001*
4th day postoperative proBNP	14 ± 3	34 ± 5**	0.003*

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD. p-Value <0.05 is considered statistically significant. (*) significant change from the baseline value. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean differences.

Table 3. Comparison of vasoactive inotropic score data between both study groups.

Vasoactive Inotropic score (VIS)	Group N (Glutamine group) (n = 30)	Group C (Placebo group) (n = 30)	p-Value
After 2 h	9 ± 1	11 ± 1	0.13
After 4 h	7 ± 1	9 ± 1	0.06
After 6 h	5 ± 0.8	7 ± 0.8	0.1
After 12 h	4 ± 0.5	5 ± 0.6	0.04*
After 18 h	2 ± 0.5	4 ± 0.6	0.03*
After 24 h	1 ± 0.4	3 ± 0.5	0.01*
After 30 h	0.9 ± 0.3	2 ± 0.4	0.07
After 42 h	0.4 ± 0.2	1 ± 0.3	0.07
After 48 h	0.2 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.2	0.02*

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD, number of patients. *p-Value < 0.05 is considered significant. Independent t-test is used to compare the mean differences.

Table 4. Postoperative mean blood pressure (mmHg) and Heart rate (beat/min) in the two studied groups.

	Group N (Glutamine group) (n = 30)	Group C (Placebo group) (n = 30)	p-Value
Postoperative mean blood pressure (mmHg)
Baseline	81 ± 12	83 ± 12	0.7
MAP 2 h	81 ± 14	78 ± 14	0.3
MAP 4 h	82 ± 11	82 ± 10	0.9
MAP 6 h	82 ± 9	78 ± 8	0.1
MAP 12 h	80 ± 9	80 ± 10	0.6
MAP 18 h	78 ± 7	79 ± 7	0.7
MAP 24 h	80 ± 10	84 ± 10	0.08
MAP 48 h	79 ± 7	79 ± 7.5	0.93
Postoperative heart rate (beat/min)
Baseline	86 ± 14	84 ± 17	0.67
HR 2 h	96 ± 13	88 ± 12	0.008*
HR 4 h	99 ± 14	89 ± 13	0.005*
HR 6 h	99 ± 12.6	89 ± 13	0.002*
HR 12 h	103 ± 12	90 ± 13	<0.001*
HR 18 h	102 ± 16	89 ± 10	0.001*
HR 24 h	103 ± 12	89 ± 9	<0.001*
HR 48 h	101 ± 14	89 ± 9	<0.001*

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p-Value <0.05 is considered statistically significant. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean differences.

Table 5. Perioperative renal functions in the two studied groups.

Variables	Group N (Glutamine group) (n = 30)	Group C (Placebo group) (n = 30)
NGAL (ng/ml)
Preoperative	27 ± 2	33 ± 2
1st postoperative day	27 ± 2	34 ± 2
4th postoperative day	30 ± 2	30 ± 2
Serum creatinine (mmol/dl)
24th hour	75 ± 36	90 ± 51
48th hour	76 ± 28	91 ± 41
Serum urea (mg/dl)
24th hour	6 ± 5	7 ± 5
48th hour	6 ± 5	8 ± 4
Urine output (ml)
24th hour	4316 ± 1097.6	4471 ± 975
48th hour	3726 ± 778	3806 ± 758

Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. p-Value <0.05 is considered statistically significant. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean differences. NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level.