Efficacy of the laryngeal mask airway gastro during trans-esophageal echocardiography in pediatrics: A randomized trial

Figures & data

Figure 1. CONSORT flow diagram of participants through each stage of the randomized trial.

Table 1. Comparison between the two studied groups according to demographic data and Procedural characteristics.

	Group ETT (n = 72)	Group LG (n = 74)	P
Age (years)
Mean ± SD	10.32 ± 2.13	10.08 ± 2.03	0.489
Sex
Male	42 (58.3%)	42 (56.8%)	0.847
Female	30 (41.7%)	32 (43.2%)
BMI (kg/m^2)
Mean ± SD	19.49 ± 1.89	19.24 ± 1.66	0.384
ASA
II	48 (66.7%)	47 (63.5%)	0.689
III	24 (33.3%)	27 (36.5%)
Duration of cardiac catheterization (minutes)
Mean ± SD.	43.81 ± 7.05	41.82 ± 6.09	0.071
Congenital cardiac anomalies
PFO	36 (50%)	34 (45.9%)	0.828
VSD	21 (29.2%)	25 (33.8%)
ASD	15 (20.8%)	15 (20.3%)

Data presented as mean ± SD or patient’s number (%).

SD: Standard deviation, n: number, %: Percentage, BMI: body mass index, ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists, PFO: patent foramen ovale, VSD: ventricular septal defect, ASD: atrial septal defect.

P: p value for comparing between the studied groups Statistical significance at P ≤ 0.05.

Table 2. Comparison between the two studied groups according to laryngeal mask airway gastro insertion and trans-esophageal echocardiography conditions parameters.

	Group ETT (n = 72)	Group LG (n = 74)	p
Success rate of insertion
TEE
1st attempt	58 (80.6%)	67 (90.5%)	^MCp = 0.242
2nd attempt	11 (15.3%)	6 (8.1%)
3rd attempt	3 (4.2%)	1 (1.4%)
<3	69 (95.8%)	73 (98.6%)	^FEp = 0.363
Failure (≥3 attempts)	3 (4.2%)	1 (1.4%)
LMA Gastro
	(n = 72)	(n = 77)	^FEp = 0.245
Failure	0 (0.0%)	3 (3.9%)
Success	72 (100.0%)	74 (96.1%)
Success rate at first attempt
LMA Gastro
1	72 (100.0%)	71 (95.9%)	^FEp = 0.245
2	0 (0.0%)	3 (4.1%)
Cardiologist’s satisfaction score
Not	3 (4.2%)	1 (1.4%)	^MCp = 0.006*
Fair	4 (5.6%)	1 (1.4%)
Good	7 (9.7%)	5 (6.8%)
Very	38 (52.8%)	26 (35.1%)
Excellent	20 (27.8%)	41 (55.4%)
Ease of LMA Gastro insertion
Easy	72 (100.0%)	68 (91.9%)	^FEp = 0.028*
Difficult	0 (0.0%)	6 (8.1%)
E0	72 (100.0%)	57 (77.0%)	^MCp <0.001*
E1	0 (0.0%)	11 (14.9%)
D2	0 (0.0%)	3 (4.1%)
D3	0 (0.0%)	3 (4.1%)
Recovery time (min.)
Mean ± SD.	50.26 ± 9.04	46.55 ± 7.92	0.009*
Extubation time (sec.)
Mean ± SD.	5.18 ± 2.0	4.19 ± 1.84	0.003*
Adverse effects
Laryngeal Spam	3 (4.2%)	1 (1.4%)	^FEp = 0.363
Blood on airway	1 (1.4%)	0 (0.0%)	^FEp = 0.4932
Sore throat	21 (29.1%)	6(8.1%)	^χ2p = 0.0022

Data presented as mean ± SD or patient’s number (%). SD: Standard deviation, MC: Monte Carlo, FE: Fisher Exact, %: percentage, n: number, TEE: trans-esophageal echocardiography, LMA Gastro: laryngeal mask airway gastro.

P: p value for comparing between the two studied groups. *: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.