Opioid Free Anesthesia versus Opioid Based Anesthesia for Hemodynamic Stability in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery, A Randomized Comparative Study

Figures & data

Table 1. Mean Arterial Pressure.

	OFA group				OA group
	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	P-value
T0	98.8	16.5	77.0	128.0	89.5	11.2	70.0	108.0	0.081
T1	84.1	17.7	62.0	129.0	84.2	16.4	45.0	108.0	0.992
T2	81.7	16.0	55.0	115.0	92.9	14.2	74.0	121.0	0.051
T3*	81.1	11.3	63.0	106.0	92.9	11.4	70.0	112.0	0.008
T4	77.6	10.8	62.0	102.0	79.5	10.1	73.0	98.0	<0.001
T5	76.2	14.0	60.0	106.0	88.6	12.7	67.0	111.0	0.017
T6	75.3	11.9	60.0	93.0	86.1	12.2	63.0	113.0	0.020
T7	74.2	9.8	63.0	94.0	88.3	14.5	67.0	116.0	0.004
T8	73.3	11.1	63.0	105.0	89.7	13.4	71.0	117.0	0.001
T9	74.0	6.9	65.0	87.0	90.0	9.6	77.0	117.0	<0.001
T10	75.1	10.9	60.0	100.0	84.3	13.3	58.0	106.0	0.062
T11	78.5	10.5	66.0	98.0	81.2	10.3	65.0	96.0	0.550
T12	78.2	12.7	63.0	104.0	86.0	14.8	59.0	115.0	0.214
T13	78.2	9.0	66.0	90.0	85.1	17.4	48.0	109.0	0.302
T14	78.0	8.9	64.0	89.0	85.1	14.1	67.0	108.0	0.227
T15	74.4	9.7	57.0	88.0	85.9	12.7	62.0	107.0	0.062
P0 (PACU)	78.9	8.7	66.0	95.0	85.2	11.3	67.0	111.0	0.100
P1 (30 min)	76.9	11.2	65.0	98.0	83.7	12.9	65.0	113.0	0.135
P2 (1 hr)	76.9	10.5	67.0	95.0	90.4	14.1	74.0	122.0	0.006
P3 (2 hr)	84.5	10.5	70.0	100.0	94.9	13.5	80.0	121.0	0.026

Data are expressed as mean ±standard deviation.

Group OFA: opioid free anesthesia, Group OA: opioid anesthesia. P-value <0.05.

*: The time of surgical field visualization with arthroscope.

Table 2. Heart Rate.

	OFA group				OA group
	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum	P-value
T0	97.0	18.6	68.0	124.0	95.3	12.2	66.0	116.0	0.774
T1	86.1	13.1	57.0	107.0	96.8	21.2	57.0	130.0	0.109
T2	82.8	10.2	70.0	107.0	87.5	9.3	67.0	100.0	0.200
T3*	79.3	11.3	58.0	98.0	92.9	14.7	68.0	112.0	0.008
T4	75.0	10.3	63.0	99.0	88.6	15.3	65.0	117.0	0.003
T5	76.5	12.8	60.0	105.0	88.1	15.8	64.0	118.0	0.037
T6	73.3	10.7	59.0	94.0	92.8	17.2	59.0	126.0	0.001
T7	73.0	9.8	55.0	89.0	90.0	16.7	64.0	117.0	0.002
T8	70.0	13.0	46.0	93.0	85.7	14.4	57.0	106.0	0.004
T9	70.3	11.9	47.0	87.0	87.0	10.4	64.0	99.0	<0.001
T10	72.0	11.1	51.0	90.0	92.1	11.6	70.0	119.0	<0.001
T11	73.4	10.7	60.0	98.0	85.2	10.1	65.0	105.0	0.013
T12	75.6	11.9	60.0	96.0	89.5	12.0	65.0	110.0	0.014
T13	74.6	9.4	60.0	88.0	85.0	13.4	64.0	101.0	0.068
T14	73.3	10.1	60.0	90.0	85.4	12.5	69.0	100.0	0.044
T15	71.1	9.9	55.0	84.0	82.5	9.0	71.0	95.0	0.031
P0(PACU)	75.2	11.3	54.0	98.0	88.7	9.9	72.0	100.0	0.002
P1 (30 min)	76.1	11.9	60.0	94.0	87.7	8.5	67.0	101.0	0.004
P2 (1 hr)	79.8	13.9	62.0	108.0	94.9	10.5	76.0	110.0	0.002
P3 (2 hr)	81.3	14.6	65.0	112.0	93.9	11.8	75.0	120.0	0.015

Data are expressed as mean ±standard deviation.

Group OFA: opioid free anesthesia, Group OA: opioid anesthesia. P-value <0.05.

*: The time of surgical field visualization with arthroscope.

Table 3. Endoscopic surgical field grading system.

		OFA group		OA group		P-value
		Count	%	Count	%
T3 *	0	1	6.7%	0	0.0%	0.001
	1	7	46.7%	0	0.0%
	2	5	33.3%	3	20.0%
	3	2	13.3%	6	40.0%
	4	0	0.0%	6	40.0%
T4	0	4	26.7%	0	0.0%	<0.001
	1	7	46.7%	0	0.0%
	2	3	20.0%	2	13.3%
	3	1	6.7%	7	46.7%
	4	0	0.0%	6	40.0%
T5	0	7	46.7%	0	0.0%	<0.001
	1	5	33.3%	0	0.0%
	2	2	13.3%	2	13.3%
	3	1	6.7%	7	46.7%
	4	0	0.0%	5	33.3%
	5	0	0.0%	1	6.7%
T6	0	9	60.0%	0	0.0%	<0.001
	1	3	20.0%	1	6.7%
	2	2	13.3%	2	13.3%
	3	1	6.7%	6	40.0%
	4	0	0.0%	6	40.0%
T7	0	12	80.0%	0	0.0%	<0.001
	1	1	6.7%	2	13.3%
	2	1	6.7%	2	13.3%
	3	1	6.7%	6	40.0%
	4	0	0.0%	5	33.3%
T8	0	10	66.7%	0	0.0%	<0.001
	1	4	26.7%	3	20.0%
	2	1	6.7%	2	13.3%
	3	0	0.0%	4	26.7%
	4	0	0.0%	6	40.0%
T9	0	10	66.7%	0	0.0%	<0.001
	1	4	26.7%	3	20.0%
	2	1	6.7%	1	6.7%
	3	0	0.0%	7	46.7%
	4	0	0.0%	4	26.7%
T10	0	9	69.2%	0	0.0%	<0.001
	1	3	23.1%	2	14.3%
	2	1	7.7%	3	21.4%
	3	0	0.0%	5	35.7%
	4	0	0.0%	4	28.6%
T11	0	5	50.0%	0	0.0%	<0.001
	1	3	30.0%	1	7.7%
	2	2	20.0%	2	15.4%
	3	0	0.0%	7	53.8%
	4	0	0.0%	3	23.1%
T12	0	5	55.6%	0	0.0%	0.001
	1	3	33.3%	2	15.4%
	2	1	11.1%	1	7.7%
	3	0	0.0%	6	46.2%
	4	0	0.0%	4	30.8%
T13	0	5	55.6%	1	10.0%	0.001
	1	4	44.4%	0	0.0%
	2	0	0.0%	1	10.0%
	3	0	0.0%	4	40.0%
	4	0	0.0%	4	40.0%
T14	0	6	66.7%	0	0.0%	0.001
	1	3	33.3%	1	12.5%
	2	0	0.0%	1	12.5%
	3	0	0.0%	2	25.0%
	4	0	0.0%	4	50.0%
T15	0	3	37.5%	1	12.5%	0.027
	1	5	62.5%	1	12.5%
	3	0	0.0%	2	25.0%
	4	0	0.0%	4	50.0%

Data are expressed as count and range.

Group OFA: opioid free anesthesia, Group OA: opioid anesthesia. P-value <0.05.

*: The time of surgical field visualization with arthroscope.

Figure 1. Mean Arterial Pressure at T3.

Group OFA:opioid free anesthesia, Group OA: opioid anesthesia. P-value <0.05.

Figure 2. Endoscopic surgical field grading system at T3.

Group OFA:opioid free anesthesia, Group OA: opioid anesthesia. P-value <0.05.

Table 4. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and postoperative paracetamol total dose.

		OFA group		OA group		P value
		Count	%	Count	%
NRS P0	1	3	20.0%	0	0.0%	0.001
	2	7	46.7%	0	0.0%
	3	3	20.0%	5	33.3%
	4	2	13.3%	6	40.0%
	5	0	0.0%	4	26.7%
NRS P1	1	3	20.0%	0	0.0%	0.007
	2	8	53.3%	2	13.3%
	3	3	20.0%	10	66.7%
	4	1	6.7%	3	20.0%
NRS P2	1	2	13.3%	0	0.0%	0.158
	2	7	46.7%	4	26.7%
	3	6	40.0%	8	53.3%
	4	0	0.0%	3	20.0%
NRS P3	1	1	6.7%	0	0.0%	0.093
	2	10	66.7%	8	53.3%
	3	4	26.7%	7	46.7%
NRS P4	1	1	6.7%	0	0.0%	1
	2	8	53.3%	8	53.3%
	3	6	40.0%	7	46.7%
NRS P5	1	2	13.3%	0	0.0%	0.439
	2	10	66.7%	10	66.7%
	3	3	20.0%	5	33.3%
Paracetamol Analgesia	No	12	80.0%	4	26.7%	0.005
	Once	3	20.0%	6	40.0%
	Twice	0	0.0%	5	33.3%

Data are expressed as count and percentage.

Group OFA:opioid free anesthesia, Group OA: opioid anesthesia. P-value <0.05.