Dexmedetomidine versus magnesium sulfate for controlled hypotension during rhinoplasty surgeries: A prospective randomized comparative study

Figures & data

Figure 1. CONSORT flow diagram.

Table 1. Aldrete score [7].

Respiration	2 Capable to keep efficient cough and breath	1 Trivial breathing or Dyspnoea	0 Apnea
O2 saturation	2 Sustain > 92% on ambient air	1 Needs oxygen supplementation to keep SO2 > 90%	0 So2 < 90% even with supplemental O2
Consciousness	2 Fully conscious	1 Easily arousable on calling	0 Not responding
Circulation	2 BP ± 20 mmHg preoperative reading	1 BP ± (20–50) mmHg preoperative reading	0 BP ± 50 mmHg preoperative reading
Activity	2 Able to move 4 limbs voluntary or on command	1 Able to move 2 limbs voluntarily or on request	0 Not able to move any limb voluntarily or on request

Table 2. Correlation between the two groups in accord with demographic inputs.

Demographic inputs	Group 1(n = 28)	Group 2 (n = 28)	t/x2	p-value
Gender Male Female	10 (35.7%)18 (65.3%) 18 (65.3%)	12 (4.3%)16 (6.0%) 16 (60.0%)	1.764#	.246
Age (years) Range Mean ± SD	18–6041.14 ± 8.59 41.14 ± 8.59	18–6037.55 ± 9.49 37.55 ± 9.49	0.448	.661
Weight (kg) Range Mean ± SD	59–8374.69 ± 17.20 74.69 ± 17.20	58–8375.70 ± 18.11 75.70 ± 18.11	1.788	.132
ASA I II	23 (78.0%)5 (22.0%) 5 (22.0%)	21 (75.3%)7 (25.7%) 7 (25.7%)	1.831#	.228
Duration of operation (min) Mean ± SD	123.19± 15.55	13.68 ± 19.10	0.668	.439

By use of absolute sample t-test; #x2: Chi-square test.

p-value >0.05 non-significant; *p-value <0.05 is significant.

Table 3. Correlation between the two groups according to the mean arterial pressure (MAP) (mmHg).

MAP (mmHg)	Group 1 (n = 28)	Group 2 (n = 28)	t-test	p-value
Baseline	84.81 ± 5.71	85.79 ± 5.69	0.151	.729
Post-induction	75.39 ± 5.17	75.57 ± 5.28	0.677	.450
15 min post-induction	66.20 ± 4.49	68.51 ± 4.61	0.572	.485
30 min post-induction	57.81 ± 3.54	61.11 ± 4.34	0.065	.782
60 min post-induction	55.31 ± 3.83	56.91 ± 3.84	0.848	.488
90 min post-induction	57.88± 3.54	61.60 ± 4.21	1.738	.175
120 min post-induction	61.11 ± 4.22	63.76 ± 4.66	1.159	.291
At surgery end	67.11 ± 4.49	68.76 ± 4.82	1.487	.223
After extubation	72.35 ±5.12	76.44 ± 4.99	2.733	.081
30 min. Post-operative	67.45 ± 4.61	74.01 ± 4.65	4.103	.041*

By use of absolute sample t-test.

p-value > 0.05 is non-significant; *p-value <0.05 is significant.

Table 4. Correlation between the two groups as regards the heart rate (beat/min).

Heart rate (beat/min)	Group 1 (n = 28)	Group 2 (n = 28)	t-test	p-value
Baseline (preoperative)	81.49 ± 5.81	8.93 ± 5.83	0.950	.339
Post-induction	75.31 ± 5.51	77.91 ± 5.87	4.345	.028*
15 min post-induction	65.78 ± 4.54	71.94 ± 5.11	3.112	.040*
30 min post-induction	61.23 ± 4.32	66.38 ± 4.43	4.777	.031*
60 min post-induction	58.01 ± 4.07	63.65 ± 4.64	6.765	.015*
90 min post-induction	61.13 ± 4.34	64.87 ± 4.43	9.015	.005*
120 min post-induction	63.03 ± 4.41	66.44 ± 4.84	6.054	.011*
End of procedure	68.09± 4.81	73.20 ± 5.20	6.028	.019*
After extubation	75.54 ± 5.23	8.54 ± 5.89	4.532	.015*
30 min Post-procedure	66.98 ± 4.54	74.99 ± 5.43	3.612	.028*

Table 5. Correlation between groups regarding bleeding score.

Bleeding score	Group 1 (n = 28)	Group 2 (n = 28)	χ2	p-value
0	1 (4.3%)	0 (.0%)	1.893	.221
1	3 (11.3%)	0 (.0%)	1.278	.222
2	16 (52.3%)	5 (21.7%)	3.788	.041*
3	9 (25.4%)	5 (15.0%)	4.011	.015*
4	2 (5.9%)	12 (44.1%)	2.679	.031*
5	1 (4.0%)	8 (3.1%)	4.201	.028*

Table 6. Assessment of postoperative pain by VAS score.

Groups Parameter	Group 1 (n = 28)	Group 2 (n = 28)	P- value
2 hrs. Postoperative	0 (0–1)	1 (0–1)	<.01*
4 hrs. Postoperative	1 (1–2)	2 (2–3)	<.05*
8 hrs. Postoperative	2 (1–2)	3 (2–3)	<.05*
12 hrs. Postoperative	3 (1–2)	4 (3–4)	<.01*
16 hrs. Postoperative	4 (2–4)	5 (4–5)	<.05*
20 hrs. Postoperative	4 (4–5)	5 (4–5)	.13
24 hrs. Postoperative	6 (5–6)	6 (5–6)	.12

Data represented by (IQR).

Figure 2. Correlation between groups 1 and 2 as regards surgeon satisfaction.

Table 7. Correlation between groups as regards the Ramsay sedation score.

Ramsay sedation score	Group 1 (n = 28)	Group 2 (n = 28)	t-test	p-value
RSS at 15 min post procedure	5.66 ± .28	2.11 ± .20	14.643	<.001**
RSS at 30 min post procedure	4.98 ± .25	3.33 ± .12	15.038	<.001**
RSS at 60 min post procedure	4.11 ± .34	3.09 ± .11	13.568	<.001**

Absolute sample t-test used; **p value < 0.001 is highly significant.

Aldrete J. The post-anesthesia recovery score revisited. J Clin Anesth. 1995;7(13):89–91. doi: 10.1016/0952-8180(94)00001-K

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