Effect of addition of different additives: Magnesium sulfate and dexamethasone versus plain bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in pediatrics undergoing repair of inguinal hernia

Figures & data

Table 1. Patients’ characteristics and duration of surgery.

	Group A (n = 20)	Group B (n = 20)	Group C (n = 20)	P-value
Age (yrs.)	4.1 ± 1.68	3.74 ± 1.6	3.97 ± 1.8	0.793
Sex (M/F)	19/1	19/1	20/0	0.597
Weight (kg)	15.8 ± 3.2	15.5 ± 3.1	15.58 ± 3.6	0.951
Duration of surgery in minutes	35.25 ± 11.6	36.5 ± 10.9	40.5 ± 12.96	0.35

Data are represented as mean ± SD. Number of patients: Group A (20 patients) control group: plain Bupivacaine 0.25%; Group B (20 patients): magnesium sulfate added to 0.25% bupivacaine; Group C (20 patients): dexamethasone added to 0.25% bupivacaine. P-value > 0.05 is considered statistically non-significant.

Table 2. Comparison between group A, B and C as regard systolic blood pressure in millimeter mercury.

	Group A (n = 20)	Group B (n = 20)	Group C (n = 20)	P-value
Preoperative	101.75 ± 9 .6	99 ± 7.2	98.3 ± 6.87	0.347
5 minutes	97.75 ± 12.05	93.75 ± 6.5	95.2 ± 4.6	0.315
10 minutes	97 ± 10.18	91.75 ± 7.5	96.7 ± 5	0.066
15 minutes	93.5 ± 10.2	89.4 ± 5.6	93.1 ± 4.4	0.145
20 minutes	92.5 ± 8.9	88.6 ± 4.4	92 ± 4.09	0.092
25 minutes	92.25 ± 6.3	90.3 ± 5	92.2 ± 4	0.49
30 minutes	90 ± 5.38	86.65 ± 3.7	87 ± 5.7	0.075
35 minutes	91 ± 5.76	88.65 ± 4.53	88.75 ± 6.26	0.327

Data are represented as mean ± SD. P-value > 0.05 is considered statistically non-significant.

Table 3. Comparison between group A, B and C as regard diastolic blood pressure millimeter mercury.

	Group A (n = 20)	Group B (n = 20)	Group C (n = 20)	P-value
Preoperative	55.25 ± 5.37	55 ± 4.56	53.5 ± 7.3	0.607
5 minutes	54.7 ± 5.7	51.4 ± 4.6	52.4 ± 6.4	0.164
10 minutes	51.25 ± 11.8	52 ± 4.44	50.9 ± 5.42	0.901
15 minutes	51 ± 4.47	49.2 ± 4.5	50.6 ± 3.72	0.711
20 minutes	52.5 ± 4.6	49.15 ± 4.5	52.3 ± 4.54	0.34
25 minutes	52.6 ± 4.4	50 ± 4.87	51.9 ± 3.72	0.351
30 minutes	53 ± 4.7	50.2 ± 3.8	51.6 ± 3.48	0.095
35 minutes	52.5 ± 4.44	51.45 ± 4.41	49.5 ± 4.26	0.84

Data are represented as mean ± SD. P-value > 0.05 is considered statistically non-significant.

Table 4. Comparison between groups A, B and C as regard heart rate in beats per minute.

	Group A (n = 20)	Group B (n = 20)	Group C (n = 20)	P-value
Preoperative	103.3 ± 9.49	101.5 ± 9.2	100.5 ± 9.2	0.64
5 minutes	96.75 ± 10.2	95 ± 7.8	93.25 ± 7.6	0.443
10 minutes	93.25 ± 11.04	91.7 ± 5.4	91.25 ± 5.1	0.695
15 minutes	89.5 ± 8.1	89.25 ± 6	88.2 ± 6.2	0.827
20 minutes	87.5 ± 7.5	87.7 ± 6.6	86.3 ± 58	0.75
25 minutes	85.5 ± 6.63	86.3 ± 6.5	84 ± 6.2	0.52
30 minutes	84.2 ± 5.2	84.7 ± 5.5	82.75 ± 6.78	0.536
35 minutes	86 ± 4.5	85 ± 5.85	82.7 ± 6.8	0.194

Data are represented as mean ± SD. P-value > 0.05 is considered statistically non-significant.

Table 5. Comparison between groups A, B and C as regard CHEOPS score.

	Group A (n = 20)	Group B (n = 20)	Group C (n = 20)	P-value
1 hour	4(4–4)	4(4–4)	4(4–4)	1
2 hour	4(4–4)	4(4–4)	4(4–4)	0.131
4 hour	5(4–6)	4(4–4)	4(4–4)	<0.001*
6 hour	4(4–6)	4(4–6)	4(4–4)	0.088
8 hour	4(4–7)	5(4–6)	4(4–5)	0.506
16 hour	6(6–7)	5(4–5)	4(4–5)	<0.001*
24 hour	4(4–5)	4(4–5)	4(4–4)	0.099

Data are presented as median (IQR). *P-value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Table 6. Comparison between groups A, B and C as regard time to postoperative first-dose rescue analgesia in hours and number of doses.

	Group A (n = 20)	Group B (n = 20)	Group C (n = 20)	P-value
Time to 1st dose of paracetamol (in hours)	4.5 ± 1.27	8.6 ± 3.3	8.6 ± 5.8	0.002*
		<0.007^†‡
Total number of doses of paracetamol	3 ± 0.79	1.7 ± 0.66	1.2 ± 0.84	<0.001*
		<0.001^†‡

Data are presented as mean and standard deviation. P  > 0.05 was considered statistically non-significant between the three groups.٭P  <  0.05 was considered statistically significant between the three groups. ^†P  < 0.05 was considered statistically significant between group A and group C. ^‡P  < 0.05 was considered statistically significant between group A and group B.