The effect of low dose nalbuphine or ketamine in the prevention of emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic data.

Demographic data	K (n :30)	N (n :30)	S (n :30)	P-value
Age	5.6 ± 1.32	5.7 ± 1.3	5.6 ± 1.36	0.059292
Sex	16 males (53.3%) 14 females (46.7%)	21 males (70%) 9 females (30%)	19 males (63.3%) 11 females (36.7%)	0.617
Weight	18.9 ± 2.91	19.1 ± 3	18.5 ± 3.6	0.090
ASA	21 (70%) ASA I 9 (30%) ASA II	24 (80%) ASA I 6 (20%) ASA II	22 (73.3%) ASA I 8 (26.7%) ASA II	0.424
Anesthesia duration (min)	37.9 ± 2.7	38.1 ± 2.9	38.4 ± 2.8	0.026171
Surgery duration (min)	23.3 ± 3.3	23.9 ± 3.1	23.5 ± 3.8	1.000
Duration in PACU (min)	30 ± 5.8	31 ± 4.9	39 ± 7.6	0.011

Values are in numbers and percentage or mean ± SD, P-value >0.05: Nonsignificant; if < 0.05: Significant; if < 0.01: Highly significant.

Figure 1. Incidence of EA between groups using emergence agitation scale.

Figure 2. Number of patients who received midazolam in each group.

Table 2. Frequency and timing of postoperative pain using mCHEOPS.

Time	K (n :30)	N (n :30)	S (n :30)	P value
0–10 min	1 (3.3%)	0 (0%)	5 (16.6%)	0.012
10–20 min	2 (6.6%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10%)	0.030
20–30 min	3 (10%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10%)	0.211
0–30 min	6 (20%)	2 (6.6%)	11 (36.6%)	0.001

Values are in numbers and percentage, P-value >0.05: Nonsignificant if  < 0.05: Significant; if < 0.01: Highly significant.

Figure 3. Number of patients that happen to have complication in each group namely incidence of laryngeal spasm, nausea and vomiting, and post tonsillectomy bleeding.