The impact of erector spinae plane (ESP) block on neurophysiological monitoring in patients undergoing scoliosis repair

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the patients in the two groups.

		Group		p	^$Sig.
Variables		Group E(n = 22)	Group C (n = 22)
Age (years)		15.3 ± 2.5	14.4 ± 2.1	0.54	⁋NS
Sex	Male	10	13	0.36**	⁋NS
	Female	12	9
ASA physical status	I	2	3	0.09***	⁋NS
	II	9	8
	III	11	11
Weight in Kg		49.7 ± 7	48.6 ± 4.3	0.68	⁋NS
Procedure time in hrs		6(2)	6(2)	0.05****	⁋NS
Time from induction to skin incisions in min.		41 ± 5	39 ± 6	0.43	⁋NS

Student t test **Chi square test ***Fisher exact test, ****Mann Whitney test. ^$significance,^⁋non-significant. Results are presented as mean±SD, median (interquartile range) or number (%).

Table 2. Average preoperative hemodynamic data.

	Group E(n = 22)			Group C(n = 22)
Variable	Min	Max	Mean ± SD/	Min	Max	Mean ± SD/	P value
SystolicBP (mmHg)	90	124	108.6 ± 9	90	120	107.9 ± 8	0.90	^⁋NS
DiastolicBP (mmHg)	60	82	67.3 ± 8	55	80	68.4 ± 6.6	0.50	^⁋NS
Heart rate (beat/min)	70	100	87.6 ± 9	70	100	87.4 ± 8.6	0.52	^⁋NS

BP: blood pressure.,^⁋non-significant Student t test, Results are presented as mean±SD, minimum and maximum.

Table 3. Average intraoperative hemodynamics data.

	Group E(n = 22)			Grroup C(n = 22)
	Min	Max	Mean ± SD	Min	Max	Mean ± SD	P value	Sig.
Systolic BP (mmHg)	70	108	93.2 ± 10	95	135	114.5 ± 11	.0001	^⁋⁋S
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	40	80	61.4 ± 10	50	85	70.2 ± 8	.001	^⁋⁋S
Heart rate (beats/min)	65	90	77 ± 8	60	90	78.5 ± 11	.05	^⁋NS

BP: blood pressure., ^⁋ non-significant, ^⁋⁋ significant.Student t test.Results are presented as mean±SD, minimum and maximum.

Table 4. Percent of the Change from the baseline among the Somatosensory evoked potential andmotor evoked potential among the two groups.

		Group E (n = 22)	Group C (n = 22)	P value	^$Sig.
SSEP	Latency %	28 (13)	28 (14)	.07^	^⁋NS
	Amplitude %	33 ± 7	31 ± 8	.07	^⁋NS
MEP	Latency%	31 ± 9	30 ± 9	.06	^⁋NS
	Amplitude%	33 ± 7	31 ± 9	.07	^⁋NS

Student t test, ^{^}Mann Whitney test. ^$significance, ^⁋non-significant… Results are presented as mean±SD, median (interquartile range).

Table 5. Comparing the need for intraoperative and postoperative analgesics in both groups.

	Group E(n = 22)	Group C(n = 22)
			P value	^$Sig.
Total dose of Intra operativeFentanyl (µg)	21.5 ± 25	178.2 ± 46	.0001	^⁋⁋S
The Need for Postoperative Analgesics
Number (%)of patients early requested analgesics	4 (18.2%)	12 (54.5%)	0.01**	^⁋⁋S
Time to first request in min.	70 (65)	16(6)	.0001^	^⁋⁋S
The types of analgesics used to control the pain over 8 hr
NSAID &Paracetamol	14(64%)	3 (14%)	.0001***	^⁋⁋S
+ Opioids	8(36%)	19 (86%)
Mobilization time in days
	2.2 ± 0.1	2.9 ± 0.1	.0040	^⁋⁋S

Student t test **Chi square test ***Fisher exact test, ^{^}Mann Whitney test. ^$significance, ^⁋⁋significant. Results are presented as mean±SD, median (interquartile range) count or number (%).

Table 6. Severity of pain among the two groups at different times postoperatively.

NAS		Group E(n = 22)	Group C(n = 22)	P value	Sig^$
2 hr	Mild	21	-	.0001	^⁋⁋S
	Moderate	1	22
	Severe	-	-
4 hr	Mild	16	-	.0001	^⁋⁋S
	Moderate	6	22
	Severe	-	-
8 hr	Mild	10	-	.0001	^⁋⁋S
	Moderate	12	20
	Severe	-	2

NAS (numerical rating scale), Fisher exact test^,$significance, ⁋⁋ significant.

Figure 1. The total dose of Propofol in mg. used in the two groups, blue line for Group E and the orange for group C, the results are represented as mean ± SD.

Figure 2. The median and interquartile range for the total dose of Dexmedetomidine in microgram.Microgram.The results are presented as median, interquartile range, minimum and maximum).