Invasion success despite reduction of genetic diversity in the European populations of eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)

Figures & data

Table I. Allele frequencies per locus and population. Only the frequency of one allele (presence) is reported. Legend: Fl, Florida; It, Italy; Sp, Spain.

		Alachua (Fl)	Fimon (It)	Idrovia (It)	Leon (Sp)	Salamanca (Sp)
OPE01	1	0.7818	1	1	1	1
	2	0.4655	1	0.5918	1	1
	3	0.7818	1	1	1	1
	4	0.4226	1	1	1	1
	5	0.0488	0	0	0	0
	6	0.7818	1	1	1	1
	7	0.6914	1	0.7643	1	1
	8	0.7818	1	1	1	1
	9	0.2441	0	0	0	0
OPE06	1	1	1	1	1	1
	2	0.6914	0	0	0	0
	3	0.512	0.7764	0.6667	1	1
	4	0.0742	0	0	0	0
	5	0.4226	1	1	1	1
	6	1	1	1	1	1
	7	1	1	1	1	1
	8	0.3099	0.7764	0	0	0
	9	0.0241	0	0	0	0
	10	1	1	1	1	1
OPE09	1	1	1	1	1	1
	2	0.6914	1	1	1	1
	3	0.7818	1	1	1	1
	4	0.0488	0	0	0	0
	5	0.0241	0	0	0	0
	6	0.3453	0.6838	0.3333	0.5528	0.6838
	7	0.6914	1	0.7643	1	1
	8	0.622	1	1	1	1
	9	0.2132	0	0.0282	0	0
	10	0.4655	1	1	1	1
	11	0.7818	1	1	1	1
OPE11	1	1	1	0.7643	1	1
	2	0.6914	1	0.2929	1	1
	3	0.7818	1	0.7643	1	1
	4	1	0.6127	0.2546	1	1
	5	1	1	0.473	1	1
	6	0.0488	0.4523	0.473	0.6838	0.1056
	7	0.3828	0.1056	0.1181	0.1056	0.2254
	8	0.3828	0.7764	0.7643	0.3675	0.4523
	9	0.5636	0.7764	0.7643	1	0.3675
OPE12	1	1	1	1	1	1
	2	0.512	1	1	1	1
	3	0.3828	1	1	1	1
	4	0.5636	1	1	1	1
	5	0.5636	1	1	1	1
	6	0.3099	0.6127	0.5286	1	0.5528
	7	0.512	0.6127	0.7643	1	1
	8	0.3099	0.5	0.7643	1	0.6838
	9	0.6914	0.6838	0.5286	0.6838	0.6838
	10	1	1	1	1	1

Table II. The number of individuals analysed (n), the effective number of alleles per locus (n _e), the percentage of polymorphic loci (p), the gene diversity (H) with the 95% credibility interval between brackets and the nucleotide diversity (π) are indicated for each population. Legend: Fl, Florida; It, Italy; Sp, Spain.

Population	n	n e±SE	p	H	π±SE
Alachua (Fl)	21	1.7959±0.0546	79.59	0.3519 (0.3103–0.3923)	0.0107±0.0018
Fimon (It)	20	1.2449±0.0473	24.49	0.1004 (0.0669–0.1461)	0.0022±0.0007
Idrovia (It)	18	1.3878±0.0518	38.78	0.1385 (0.1050–0.1818)	0.0039±0.0010
Leon (Sp)	10	1.1020±0.0336	10.20	0.0871 (0.0535–0.1324)	0.0007±0.0004
Salamanca (Sp)	10	1.1633±0.0415	16.33	0.1036 (0.0714–0.1471)	0.0014±0.0006

Table III. Nei's genetic distance (Nei 1972) (above the diagonal) and nucleotide diversity (below the diagonal) between populations obtained with RAPDDIPP (Clark & Lanigan 1993). Standard errors are indicated between brackets. Legend: Fl, Florida; It, Italy; Sp, Spain.

	Alachua (Fl)	Fimon (It)	Idrovia (It)	Leon (Sp)	Salamanca (Sp)
Alachua (Fl)	–	0.1165 (0.0234)	0.1296 (0.0290)	0.1389 (0.0291)	0.1060 (0.0225)
Fimon (It)	0.00217 (0.00055)	–	0.0473 (0.0204)	0.0336 (0.0157)	0.0281 (0.0150)
Idrovia (It)	0.00330 (0.00088)	0.00109 (0.00044)	–	0.0525 (0.0191)	0.0521 (0.0194)
Leon (Sp)	0.00245 (0.00058)	0.00079 (0.00037)	0.00110 (0.00037)	–	0.0203 (0.0119)
Salamanca (Sp)	0.00202 (0.00051)	0.00071 (0.00036)	0.00124 (0.00043)	0.00051 (0.00026)	–

Figure 1 Population relationships ofGambusia holbrooki obtained with a neighbour joining tree and the Nei (1972) genetic distance for the RAPD data set. Numbers at the nodes indicate bootstrap support.

Nei , M. 1972 . Genetic distance between populations. . American Naturalist , 106 : 283 – 292 .

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Clark , A. G. and Lanigan , C. M. S. 1993 . Prospects for estimating nucleotide divergence with RAPDs. . Molecular Biology and Evolution , 10 : 1096 – 1111 .

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