Figures & data
Figure 1 SEM micrographs of male reproductive system fromBactrocera oleae (A) and Ceratitis capitata (B). Two types of glands are visible: the ectodermal accessory glands (eag) and the mesodermal accessory glands (mag), respectively. Abbreviations: ej, ejaculatory duct; eo, erecting and pumping organ; d, deferent duct; T, testis.
Figure 2 TEM micrographs of male reproductive ectodermal accessory glands fromBactrocera oleae. A,B, newly emerged male; C,D, 15‐day‐old male. A, Cross‐section through epithelial cells, lined by a thin cuticle (ct) beneath which the apical plasma membrane forms deep infoldings delimiting narrow cavities. These cavities are lined by long microvilli (mv). A large nucleus (N) is visible in the basal region where the plasma membrane gives origin to short invaginations. A thin basal lamina and muscle fibres (Ms) are visible beneath the epithelial cells. G, Golgi system. B, Detail of the apical region of the secretory cells. Note the layer of loose material beneath the epicuticle (ct) where microvilli (mv) end. The epicuticle is interrupted by pores (arrowheads). The limiting circumvoluted plasma membranes are associated with mitochondria (m). At the bottom of the figure, many microvilli from the apical infoldings are visible. C, Cross‐section through secretory cells showing a large cavity (cv) delimited by long and thin microvilli (mv). The lateral cytoplasm of neighbouring cells is reduced to a thin layer separated by a fine basal lamina (arrows). Basally, the cell contains mitochondria (m) and vesicles. The apical epicuticle is also visible (arrowhead). D, Detail of the apical region of the secretory cell showing the perforated epicuticle (arrowheads) and the apex of the laminar cytoplasm of two adjacent cells. Note the circumvoluted limiting plasma membrane, the mitochondria (m) and the microvilli (mv) with different orientation.
Figure 3 TEM micrographs of reproductive accessory glands fromCeratitis capitata sexually mature male. A,B, ectodermal glands; C,D, mesodermal glands. A, Cross‐section through a secretory cell. The cytoplasm is reduced to a thin layer surrounding a large central cavity (cv) where the secretion is stored. Microvilli (mv) line the cavity and expand up to the cuticle (ct). Beneath the cells a muscle layer (Ms) is visible. N, nucleus. B, Detail of the apical region of secretory cells. The adjacent cells are joined by an apical zonula adherens (arrowhead) and a long septate junction (sj). In the cytoplasm, mitochondria (m) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) are visible. mv, long and thin microvilli. C, Cross‐section through epithelial cells surrounding a narrow lumen (L). In the cytoplasm numerous polymorphic large mitochondria (m), often close to the limiting plasma membrane, are recognizable; clusters of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser) and large vesicles of electron‐transparent material are visible. N, nucleus. D, Detail of the secretory cell showing the labyrinthine system of the intercellular spaces (asterisks). In the region, a large mitochondrion provided with paracrystalline material in its matrix (arrow) and a large amount of parallel‐aligned cysternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser) are visible. N, nucleus; m, mitochondria.
Figure 4 TEM micrographs of male mesodermal accessory glands fromBactrocera oleae. A, newly emerged male. B,C, 15‐day‐old male. A, Cross‐section through a binucleated (N), microvillated (mv) secretory cell showing several mitochondria in the cytoplasm. The limiting plasma membranes show long junctional contacts (arrows) while in the basal region the intercellular space expands (asterisk). Several vesicles are visible in the luminal cytoplasm. The epithelial cells lie on a basal lamina and externally exhibit muscle fibres (Ms). L, gland lumen. B, Cross‐section through a secretory cell showing a cytoplasm rich in mitochondria (m), rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer), Golgi systems (G), and a large secretory mass (Se) near the apex. Ms, muscle fibres. C, Apical region of a secretory cell at the time of extrusion of a secretory mass (Se). G, Golgi system; rer, rough endoplasmic reticulum; m, mitochondria.
Figure 5 Schematic drawing of secretory cells from ectodermic accessory glands in bothB. oleae and C. capitata. A, newly emerged male. B, sexually mature male. Arrowheads indicate the pores in the apical cuticle. N, nucleus; cv, cavity; mv, microvilli; m, mitochondria; rer, rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Figure 6 Whole mounts(dorsal view) of male ectodermic (eag) and mesodermic (mag) accessory glands from B. oleae (A,C) and C. capitata (B,D) stained with Alcian Blue (A,B) or Oil red (C,D). Acidic mucopolysaccharides are detectable in both ectodermic and mesodermic glands from C. capitata, but only in the ectodermic glands from B. oleae. Lipids are exclusively revealed in the lumen of the mesodermic gland from C. capitata.
Figure 7 Protein profile of male reproductive accessory gland secretion fromCeratitis capitata (Cc ag) and Bactrocera oleae (Bo ag) after SDS–PAGE. Each sample corresponds to accessory gland secretion (mesodermic plus ectodermic glands) from five males (about 4 μg total protein). Low molecular weight markers (MW), 1 μg/each protein. Numbers indicate molecular weights, expressed in kilodaltons. Arrowheads indicate the major band of 30 kDa or 29 kDa in C. capitata and B. oleae, respectively.
