Discussion of taxonomic characters and classification of Ampharetidae (Polychaeta)

Figures & data

Figure 1. Main types of prostomia.

Figure 2. Noanelia hartmanae. a, Lateral view; b, entire prostomium, dorsal view; c, posterior thorax and abdomen, lateral view. Scales: a, 0.5 mm; b, 0.25 mm; c, 1 mm.

Figure 3. Neuropodial modification in Auchenoplax. a, Holotype of Auchenoplax crinita, ventral view; b,c, ventral view of two undescribed species of Auchenoplax.

Figure 4. Variation in uncini in a single neuropodium (Lysippe sexcirrata). Scale 10 μm.

Figure 5. Uncini of neuropodia of thoracic and abdominal types of some genera. All scales 10 μm.

Table I. Taxonomical value of morphological characters in Ampharetidae

Character	Plesiomorphic state	Apomorphic state	Taxonomical level
Minute acicular chaetae	absent	present	subfamily
Prostomium	without lobes	trilobed	generic
Prostomial middle lobe	rounded	incised	generic
Prostomial longitudinal ridges	absent	present	generic
Nuchal organs	absent	present	generic
Undulating transversal nuchal organs	absent	present	generic
Lateral glandular fields	present	absent	generic
Buccal tentacles	smooth	pinnate	specific, may vary intraspecifically
Buccal tentacles	smooth	ciliated	specific
Jaws	absent	present	generic
Pairs of branchiae	4	2 or 3	specific
Branchostyles	cirriform	foliaceous	specific
Branchostyles	smooth	pinnate	specific
Branchostyles	smooth	ciliated	specific
Nephridia papillae behind branchiae	invisible	clear	generic
Paleal chaetae	as notochaetae	much bigger or absent	specific
Dorsal crest Anobothrus-type	absent	present	generic
Dorsal crest Melinnampharete-type	absent	present	generic
Dorsal crest Melinna-type	absent	present	generic
Thorax separation Eclysippe-type	absent	present	generic
Postranchial hooks	absent	present	generic
Modified notopodia Anobothrus-type	absent	present	generic
Modified notopodia Sosane-type	absent	present	generic
Modified anterior neuropodia	absent	present	generic
Number of types of neuropodia	one	two	generic
Number of AU (for species)	varies	constant	generic
Neuropodial cirri	absent	present	specific
Abdominal specific modified rudimentary notopodia	absent	present	specific
Thoracic and abdominal uncini	similar	very different	generic

Table II. List of examined species.
Remark. Only species are described in Schüller & Jirkov (in prep.) are mentioned as sp. nov

Species	Type	SEM
Amage adspersa (Grube, 1863)
Amage anops (Johnston, 1901)
Amage asiaticus Uschakov, 1955	1	1
Amage auricula Malmgren, 1866		1
Amage benhami Reuscher et al., 2009	1
Amage gallasii Marion, 1875		1
Amage sculpta Ehlers, 1908
Amage sibogae Caullery, 1944		1
Amage sp. nov.	1	1
Ampharete acutifrons Grube, 1860
Ampharete baltica Eliason, 1955
Ampharete borealis (Sars, 1856)		1
Ampharete brevibranchiata Treadwell, 1926
Ampharete crassiseta Annenkova, 1929	1
Ampharete eupalea Chamberlin, 1920
Ampharete falcata Eliason, 1955		1
Ampharete finmarchica Sars, 1865		1
Ampharete goeesi Malmgren, 1866		1
Ampharete goeesi brazhnikovi Annenkova, 1929	1
Ampharete grubei Malmgren, 1866
Ampharete kerguelensis McIntosh, 1885	1
Ampharete kerguelensis auct non McIntosh, 1885
Ampharete kudenovi Jirkov, 1994	1
Ampharete lindstroemi Malmgren in Hessle, 1917		1
Ampharete litoralis (Annenkova, 1934)	1
Ampharete longipaleolata Uschakov, 1950	1
Ampharete luederitzi Augener, 1918	1
Ampharete manriquei (Salazar-Vallejo, 1993)	1
Ampharete octocirrata (Sars, 1835)		1
Ampharete petersenae Jirkov, 1997	1
Ampharete safronovae Jirkov, 1994	1
Ampharete seribranchiata Treadwell, 1926
Ampharete sibirica (Wiren, 1883)
Ampharete vega (Wiren, 1883)
Amphicteis bifolium Kucheruk, 1976	1
Amphicteis chilensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1965 in Hartmann-Schröder, Hartmann, 1965	1
Amphicteis dalmatica Hutchings, Rainer, 1979	1
Amphicteis foliata Haswell, 1883
Amphicteis gunneri Sars, 1835		1
Amphicteis gunneri atlantica McIntosh, 1885	1
Amphicteis japonica McIntosh, 1885	1
Amphicteis mederi Annenkova, 1929	1
Amphicteis midas (Gosse, 1855)
Amphicteis ninonae Jirkov, 1985	1	1
Amphicteis papillosa Hutchings, 1977	1
Amphicteis phillippinarum Grube, 1878	1
Amphicteis sarsi McIntosh, 1885	1
Amphicteis scaphobranchiata Moore, 1906
Amphicteis sp. nov. A	1	1
Amphicteis sp. nov. B	1	1
Amphicteis sundevalli Malmgren, 1866
Amphicteis wyvillei McIntosh, 1885	1
Amphisamytha vanuatuensis Reuscher et al., 2009	1
Amythasides macroglossus (Eliason, 1955)
Anobothrus antarctica Monro, 1939		1
Anobothrus apaleatus Reuscher et al., 2009	1
Anobothrus glandularis (Hartmann-Schroder, 1965)	1	1
Anobothrus gracilis (Malmgren, 1866)	1	1
Anobothrus laubieri (Desbruyeres, 1978)		1
Anobothrus mironovi Jirkov, 2009	1	1
Anobothrus nataliae Jirkov, 2009	1	1
Anobothrus patagonicus (Kinberg, 1867)
Anobothrus patersoni Jirkov, 2009	1	1
Anobothrus pseudoampharete Shuller, 2008	1
Anobothrus sp. nov. A	1	1
Anobothrus sp. nov. B	1	1
Anobothrus sp. nov. C	1	1
Auchenoplax crinita Ehlers, 1887	1
Auchenoplax sp. nov.	1	1
Eclysippe affinis Day, 1963
Eclysippe vanelli (Fauvel,1936) sensu Eliason 1955		1
Gen. sp. nov.	1	1
Glyphanostomum pallescens (Theel, 1879)	1	1
‘Glyphanostomum’ holthei Reuscher et al., 2009	1
Gnathampharete pleijeli (Mackie, 1994)	1
Grassleia hydrothermalis Solis-Weiss, 1993	1
Grubianella antarctica McIntosh, 1885	1	1
Grubianella klugei (Pergament et Chlebovitch, 1964)	1	1
Hypania brevispina Grube, 1860
Hypania invalida Grube, 1860		1
Hypania kowalewskii (Grimm, 1877)
Hypania romijni Horst, 1919	1
Jugamphicteis paleata Fauchald, Hancock, 1981		1
Jugamphicteis sargassoensis (Hartman, Fauchald, 1971)		1
Jugamphicteis sibogae (Caullery, 1944)		1
Lysippe bipinnata (Augener, 1918)	1
Lysippe capensis Day, 1961	1
Lysippe gurjanovae Uschakov, 1950	1
Lysippe labiata Malmgren, 1866		1
Lysippe sexcirrata (Sars, 1856)		1
Melinnampharete eoa Annenkova, 1937	1	1
Melinnampharete gracilis (Hartman, 1967)
Melinnampharete septemdentata Levenstein, 1978	1
Neosabellides australiensis Hartmann-Schroder, 1981	1
Neosabellides elongatus (Ehlers, 1913)	1
Neosabellides membranifera (Benham, 1921)	1
Noanelia sp. nov.	1	1
Phyllocomus crocea Grube, 1878
Phyllocomus hiltoni (Chamberlin, 1919)
Phyllocomus sovjeticus (Annenkova, 1937)
Phyllocomus uschakovi (Kuznetsov et Levenstein, 1988)
Samythella elongata Verrill, 1873		1
Samythopsis grubei (McIntosh, 1885)	1
Sosane holthei Jirkov, 1994	1
Sosane kergulensis (Monro, 1939)	1
Sosane sulcata Malmgren, 1866		1
Sosane wahrbergi (Eliason, 1955)
Sosane wireni (Hessle, 1917)		1
Zatsepinia rittichae Jirkov, 1986
Zatsepinia sp. nov.	1	1
Isolda albula Mohammad 1971	1
Isolda pulchella Muller, 1858	1
Isolda sibogae Caullery, 1944	1
Isolda viridis Hartmann-Schroder, 1965	1
Isolda warnbroensis Augener, 1914	1
Melinna albicincta Mackie and Plijel, 1995
Melinna cristata (Sars, 1851)
Melinna cristata australis (Hartmann-Schroder, 1965)	1
Melinna elisabethae (McIntosh, 1922)		1
Melinna ochotica (Uschakov, 1950)	1
Melinnides pacifica (McIntosh, 1885)	1
Melinnides qauterdentata (Kucheruk, 1976)	1
Melinnopsis annenkovae (Uschakov, 1952)	1
Melinnopsis arctica (Annenkova, 1931)	1	1
Melinnopsis atlantica McIntosh, 1885	1
Melinnopsis capensis Day, 1955	1
(Continued)

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