Morphometric and genetic divergence in island and mainland populations of Anolis nebulosus (Squamata: Polychrotidae) from Jalisco (Mexico): an instance of insular gigantism

Figures & data

Figure 1. Aerial view of Chamela Bay islands nature sanctuary with Don Panchito islet indicated by the arrow.

Table I. Number of individuals per locality, number of haplotypes for each locality, number of polymorphic sites, nucleotide and haplotype diversity.

	No. of individuals	No. of haplotypes	No. of polymorphic sites	Nucleotide diversity π ±  SD	Haplotype diversity h  ±  SD	Mean no. of pairwise differences (± SD)
Islet	12	3	3	0.0008 (± 0.0003)	0.439 (± 0.158)	0.470 (± 0.436)
Continent	16	10	12	0.0058 (± 0.0019)	0.934 (± 0.043)	3.316 (± 1.783)
Total	28	13	15	0.0034 (± 0.0003)	0.878 (± 0.048)	2.837 (± 1.535)

Figure 2. Minimum spanning tree connecting haplotypes. White circles: mainland haplotypes; gray circles: insular haplotypes.

Figure 3. Frequency distributions of pairwise differences, between observed and expected distributions under the model of population growth-decline for (a) mainland and (b) island populations.

Figure 4. Two specimens representing approximately the mean size for males in the two populations. Above: a male individual from mainland. Below: a male from Don Panchito island.

Table II. Descriptive statistics of the biometric variables for the two populations studied for both sexes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for SVL and analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) for the rest of the characters. Significant P-values (at α = 0.01) are marked in bold letters. d.f. = 1 for all comparisons. (a): Mean ± SD (in mm). For the abbreviations see the Material and Methods section.

Character	Continent		Island		AN(C)OVA (sex, location, sex*location)
	Males	Females	Males	Females	F	P-value
SVL	40.96 ± 2.99^a	37.14 ± 2.13	52.79 ± 1.82	46.18 ± 3.24	167.66	< 0.001
					39.60	< 0.001
					1.33	0.254
TrL	15.95 ± 3.93^a	15.81 ± 1.07	23.11 ± 1.39	22.84 ± 2.97	27.963	< 0.001
					7.498	0.009
					0.111	0.740
HeaL	11.63 ± 0.80	10.65 ± 0.57	13.83 ± 0.45	12.18 ± 0.58	7.471	0.008
					2.361	0.131
					0.184	0.670
HeaH	5.53 ± 0.52	4.89 ± 0.25	6.41 ± 0.42	5.56 ± 0.37	14.014	< 0.001
					0.258	0.613
					1.322	0.256
MoL	9.89 ± 0.97	8.97 ± 0.45	11.67 ± 0.42	10.28 ± 0.52	5.001	0.030
					2.191	0.145
					2.441	0.125
SL	6.31 ± 0.53	5.78 ± 0.26	7.51 ± 0.31	6.83 ± 0.35	0.443	0.508
					0.197	0.659
					5.644	0.022
IntD	5.66 ± 0.39	5.21 ± 0.23	6.20 ± 0.15	5.58 ± 0.21	13.437	< 0.001
					1.619	0.209
					0.050	0.824
ForL	6.33 ± 0.55	5.66 ± 0.35	7.89 ± 0.58	7.17 ± 0.52	0.035	0.853
					3.140	0.082
					0.329	0.569
ForLiL	6.03 ± 0.48	5.52 ± 0.37	7.17 ± 0.52	6.29 ± 0.49	2.528	0.118
					0.56	0.458
					4.341	0.042
TibL	9.34 ± 0.66	8.38 ± 0.68	11.13 ± 0.39	9.93 ± 0.57	3.53	0.066
					1.775	0.189
					0.198	0.658
HindL	9.85 ± 0.85	8.93 ± 0.48	11.93 ± 0.44	10.65 ± 0.72	1.098	0.3
					0.664	0.419
					3.269	0.077

Figure 5. Principal component analysis (PCA) on log-transformed characters. Black circles: continental males; white circles: continental females; black squares: insular males; white squares: insular females. At the top right, direction and length of the variable vectors are shown.

Figure 6. Principal component analysis (PCA) on size-corrected characters. Black circles: continental males; white circles: continental females; black squares: insular males; white squares: insular females. At the top right, direction and length of the variable vectors are shown.