Environmental correlates of species diversity for sarcosaprophagous Diptera across a pronounced elevational gradient in central Spain

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the Madrid Community showing the sampling sites across the elevational gradient marked by the bioclimatical levels: mesomediterranean (orange), supramediterranean (light green), oromediterranean (green) and crioromediterranean (blue). Abbreviations for the sampling sites are given in Materials and methods. The numbers 1, 2 and 3 indicate the three localities selected for each habitat.

Figure 2. Randomized accumulation curves for observed species richness in each sampling site. The numbers 1, 2 and 3 indicate the three localities selected for each habitat.

Table I. Number of observed species, number of species calculated from each estimator and diversity parameters for each sampling locality. Under each estimation has been included the respective percentage of inventory completeness. The numbers 1, 2 and 3 indicate the three localities selected for each habitat.

Locality	No. species	Michaelis-Menten	Jackknife 1	Jackknife 2	Chao 1	Chao 2	Shannon Index	Dominance	Equitability
MHoL1	43	50.3	55.6	60.5	54	51.4	2.51	0.45	0.67
		85.4%	77.2%	70.9%	79.6%	85.2%
MHoL2	32	36.2	42.7	47.5	36	39.6	2.43	0.44	0.7
		88.3%	74.9%	67.2%	88.9%	80.7%
MHoL3	30	34.4	36.8	39.7	37.5	34	2.09	0.58	0.61
		87.1%	81.5%	75.4%	80%	88%
MHoGy1	27	30.6	35.7	39.6	29.5	32.8	2.08	0.52	0.63
		88.1%	75.5%	68.1%	91.5%	82.2%
MHoGy2	29	32.6	36.7	41.5	36	35.8	2.13	0.57	0.63
		88.7%	78.8%	69.7%	80.5%	80.9%
MHoGy3	30	38.7	40.7	45.5	33.5	37.6	2.43	0.49	0.71
		77.4%	73.7%	65.8%	89.5%	79.7%
MHoS1	40	46.8	52.6	58.5	46	49.4	2.16	0.59	0.58
		85.3%	75.9%	68.4%	86.9%	80.8%
MHoS2	35	39.6	42.7	44.8	38.7	38.9	2.48	0.38	0.69
		88.2%	81.8%	78%	90.3%	90%
MHoS3	38	47.5	50.6	55.5	53.6	46.4	2.46	0.41	0.67
		80%	75%	68.3%	70.9%	81.8%
MHoG1	35	41.4	40.8	41	38.3	37	2.69	0.4	0.76
		84.4%	85.7%	85.3%	91.3%	94.4%
MHoG2	29	30.1	39.7	47.3	32	42.3	1.57	0.71	0.47
		96.4%	73.1%	61.2%	90.6%	68.4%
MHoG3	33	44.7	43.7	51.3	40	46.3	2.65	0.4	0.76
		84.9%	75.5%	64.3%	82.5%	71.1%
SHoG1	38	45.7	46.7	50.6	43.2	43.8	1.96	0.66	0.54
		83.1%	81.2%	75%	87.8%	86.7%
SHoG2	41	47.9	51.7	55.6	50	47.6	1.9	0.65	0.51
		85.4%	79.3%	73.6%	82%	85.9%
SHoG3	29	35.2	33.8	32.1	34	30.2	2.37	0.47	0.7
		82.3%	85.6%	90.1%	85.3%	95.9%
SOGS1	41	52.1	52.6	54.8	45	46.8	1.56	0.75	0.42
		78.6%	77.8%	74.7%	91.1%	87.5%
SOGS2	31	40.2	43.6	54	33.5	56.2	1.99	0.58	0.58
		77%	71%	57.3%	92.5%	55%
SOGS3	35	42.1	39.8	39	35.6	36.4	2.34	0.45	0.66
		83.1%	87.8%	89.5%	98.3%	96.1%
OSpGS1	28	40.5	41.6	50.2	41.2	42.7	1.7	0.68	0.51
		69.1%	67.3%	55.7%	67.9%	65.5%
OSpGS2	16	18.8	18.9	18	16	16.5	1.95	0.48	0.7
		85%	84.5%	88.5%	100%	96.5%
OSpGS3	25	31.1	36.6	45.2	30.6	41	2.13	0.49	0.66
		80.2%	68.1%	55.2%	81.7%	60.9%

Table II. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the number of observed species, abundance, Shannon diversity index and the climatic, topographical and land use variables of the sampling localities. ** significant differences (P < 0.05), * close to significance (P = 0.05).

	No. species	Abundance	Shannon index	Dominance
Mean elevation	−0.22	0.05	−0.43*	0.24
Mean slope	−0.21	0.11	−0.50**	0.35
Annual total rainfall	−0.24	−0.05	−0.37	0.11
Mean temperature	0.19	−0.05	0.45**	−0.30
Radiation	−0.18	−0.05	−0.50**	0.38
% Prairies	0.31	0.33	−0.26	0.22
% Bushes	0.27	−0.22	0.29	−0.14
% Forests	−0.12	0.29	−0.61**	0.43*
% Arable fields	0.07	0.02	0.34	−0.20
% Agricultural heterogeneous fields	−0.07	0.13	0.12	−0.14
% Permanent farmings	−0.13	−0.18	0.07	0.07
% Urban	0.15	−0.02	0.43*	−0.32