Low establishment success of alien non-passerine birds in a Central Italy wetland (Selva di Paliano: Latium)

Figures & data

Table I. Bird species introduced into Selva di Paliano, sorted by taxonomic class and year of first release. All the species listed in this table were present in the study area with at least one couple. Original geographic ranges, r/K reproductive selection, current status (Ex = extinct; E = established; pE = potentially established), years of introductions, number of founders for each introduction (NR = not reported), presence of breeding events and trophic independence from food supplied by man are reported.

Species	Origin	Selection	Status	Year of introduction	Number of founders	Populations (ind.) in 1986	Breeding	Trophic independence
Dromaius novaehollandiae	Oceania	r	Ex	1974	4	4	no	no
Rhea americana	South America	r	Ex	1974, 1977	6–7, 5	5 + 2 (var. alba)	yes	no
Struthius camelus	Africa	r	Ex	1977	NR	20	yes	no
Pelecanus occidentalis	South America	K	Ex	1977	4–5	2	no	no
Pelecanus onocrotalus	Africa	K	Ex	1975	6	6	no	no
Pelecanus philippensis	Asia	K	Ex	1976	2	0	no	no
Ciconia episcopus	Africa	K	Ex	(1976)	2	0	no	no
Leptoptilos crumeniferus	Africa	K	Ex	1975	5–6	0	no	yes
Threskiornis aethiopica	Africa	r	Ex	1975, 1986	5–6, 2	2	no	no
Phoenicopterus chilensis	South America	K	Ex	1976	> 100	70	yes	yes
Phoenicopterus minor	Africa	K	Ex	1975	2–3	0	no	yes
Phoenicopterus ruber	South America	K	Ex	1977	12	6	yes	yes
Cygnus atratus	Oceania	r	Ex	(1976)	NR	0	yes	no
Cygnus melanocoryphus	South America	r	Ex	1977	2	2	no	no
Cygnus olor	Europe	r	Ex	(1976)	NR	NR	yes	no
Alopochen aegyptiacus	Africa	r	Ex	1975	NR	14	yes	no
Anser cygnoides forma domestica	Asia	r	Ex	1976	NR	150–200	yes	no
Anser erythropus	Asia	r	Ex	1974	NR	0	yes	no
Anser indicus	Asia	r	Ex	1976	NR	6	yes	no
Branta canadensis	North America	r	Ex	1974	NR	8	yes	no
Branta leucopsis	Europe	r	Ex	1974	50	20	yes	no
Chen caerulescens	North America	r	Ex	1976	NR	0	yes	no
Chloephaga picta	South America	r	Ex	1977	NR	0	yes	no
Sarkidiornis melanotos	Africa	r	Ex	1976	NR	4	yes	no
Tadorna ferruginea	Asia	r	Ex	(1976)	NR	0	yes	no
Aix galericulata	Asia	R	pE	1976	30–40	12	yes	yes
Aix sponsa	North America	r	pE	(1976)	40–50	6–7	yes	yes
Dendrocygna autumnalis	South America	r	Ex	1977	NR	6	no	no
Dendrocygna bicolor	South America	r	Ex	1977	5–6	0	no	no
Lophura nycthemera	Asia	r	Ex	1976, 1989	20, 6	12	yes	no
Pavo cristatus	Asia	r	Ex	1976	NR	12–14	yes	no
Pavo muticus	Asia	r	Ex	1976	NR	4	yes	no
Balearica pavonina	Africa	K	Ex	1974, 1986	NR, 6	6	no	no
Grus antigone	Asia	K	Ex	1976, 1986	NR, 1	3	no	no
Porphyrio p. poliocephalus	Asia	r	E	1976	50	33	yes	yes
Myopsitta monachus	South America	r	pE	1978	80	0	yes	yes