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Articles

Distribution of brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei: Salmonidae) in its southwesternmost European limit: possible causes

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Pages 404-415 | Received 29 Sep 2014, Accepted 02 Feb 2015, Published online: 02 Apr 2015

Figures & data

Table I. Overview of the four Andalusian basins and results obtained for brown trout in them.

Figure 1. Location of Andalusia (in gray shading). The Iberian Peninsula basins are delimited in the figure. Four of them form part of Andalusia: (1) Guadiana, (2) Segura, (3) Guadalquivir and (4) South.

Figure 1. Location of Andalusia (in gray shading). The Iberian Peninsula basins are delimited in the figure. Four of them form part of Andalusia: (1) Guadiana, (2) Segura, (3) Guadalquivir and (4) South.

Figure 2. (A) Altimetry of the study region (meters above sea level, m a.s.l.); (B) distribution of the brown trout in Andalusia: thick lines delimit Andalusia, shaded lines demarcate the basins (see ) and the boxes show the areas where brown trout populations are present; (C, D) detailed distributions. The light gray surfaces are natural parks and the dark gray surfaces are national parks. These natural reserves are named, and the inhabiting rivers are numbered, according to the codes in the supplemental online data.

Figure 2. (A) Altimetry of the study region (meters above sea level, m a.s.l.); (B) distribution of the brown trout in Andalusia: thick lines delimit Andalusia, shaded lines demarcate the basins (see Figure 1) and the boxes show the areas where brown trout populations are present; (C, D) detailed distributions. The light gray surfaces are natural parks and the dark gray surfaces are national parks. These natural reserves are named, and the inhabiting rivers are numbered, according to the codes in the supplemental online data.

Figure 3. Altitudinal ranges (meters above sea level, m a.s.l.) inhabited by each population (reaches codes in brackets are as listed in the supplemental data), causes of their upper and lower limits (natural indicated with empty symbols, and anthropogenic with solid symbols) and natural reserves containing all, or part, of the reaches inhabited by the population. Causes of the limits:

dam causing lower limits,
dam fragmenting ancestral populations;
water abstraction; ▀ multiple; ▭summer drought;
population reaches the source;
impassable waterfall;
temperature. Natural reserves are named at the top of the figure (EXT: extinct population; STAA: Sierras de Tejeda–Alhama–Almijara; SN: Sierra Nevada (Natural and National Park); SH: Sierra de Huétor; SCSV: Sierras de Cazorla–Segura–Las Villas; SC: Sierra de Castril). Dotted lines indicate reaches outside the administrative boundaries of Andalusia.

Figure 3. Altitudinal ranges (meters above sea level, m a.s.l.) inhabited by each population (reaches codes in brackets are as listed in the supplemental data), causes of their upper and lower limits (natural indicated with empty symbols, and anthropogenic with solid symbols) and natural reserves containing all, or part, of the reaches inhabited by the population. Causes of the limits: Display full size dam causing lower limits, Display full size dam fragmenting ancestral populations; Display full size water abstraction; ▀ multiple; ▭summer drought; Display full size population reaches the source; Display full size impassable waterfall; Display full size temperature. Natural reserves are named at the top of the figure (EXT: extinct population; STAA: Sierras de Tejeda–Alhama–Almijara; SN: Sierra Nevada (Natural and National Park); SH: Sierra de Huétor; SCSV: Sierras de Cazorla–Segura–Las Villas; SC: Sierra de Castril). Dotted lines indicate reaches outside the administrative boundaries of Andalusia.

Table II. Kilometers of river inhabited by brown trout in the Andalusian basins, and inhabited partial percentages in each basin. Distribution inside and outside of natural reserves is shown. Gray cells indicate where the trout is managed as a fishing resource (Andalusian law, Orden 6 de mayo de 2014).

Table III. Causes delimiting the brown trout populations in Andalusia in their upper and lower limits. The types of factors and particular causes are shown.

Table IV. Reaches inhabited by rainbow trout coinciding with reaches currently or historically inhabited by the brown trout in Andalusia. Only reaches close to the current distribution of the native salmonid are considered. The rivers designated as “Oncorhynchus mykiss” were inhabited by brown trout in the past (Sáez Gomez Citation2010). The current administrative figure (Andalusian law, Orden 6 de mayo 2014), its length, reaches to which they belong (codes in the supplemental online data) and salmonids detected in each case are indicated. NLFA: non-limited access fishing areas; SFA: stocked fishing areas (some in reaches inhabited by brown trout). Asterisks (*) indicate reaches where rainbow trout reproduction has been confirmed. Shading cells in the “Salmo trutta & Oncorhynchus mykiss” column indicate that both species are present in these reaches; shading cells in the “Oncorhynchus mykiss” column indicate that this species is the only one present in those reaches.

Supplemental material

Supplementary Data

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