Towards dwelling energy certification for New Zealand: normalisation issues

Figures & data

Figure 1. Absolute energy loss rate by dwelling area.

Figure 2. Normalisation based on area methods. A, Direct normalisation by area. B, Area-based normalisation – UK style. C, Reference building, area-based normalisation – US style. D, Form and Area-based normalisation – Australian style.

Figure 3. Normalisation based on occupancy methods. A, Cultural Aspirational occupancy normalisation. B, Two per bedroom occupancy normalisation. C, NZ 1947 regulations occupancy normalisation. D, Combination: NZ1947, 2 per bedroom and toilets occupancy normalisation. E, Combination: NZ1947, 2 per bedroom, toilets and repurpose living space occupancy normalisation.

Figure 4. Relative ranks of dwellings. A, Overall distribution of ranks. B, Distribution of ranks of area-based normalisations. C, Distribution of ranks of occupancy-based normalisations. D, Relationship between area and occupancy ranks.