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Articles

Resolute ambivalence: Canada's strategy toward China and the Asia-Pacific

Pages 40-53 | Published online: 10 May 2016
 

Abstract

Successive Canadian governments have pointed to economic opportunities in China and the Asia-Pacific. Yet Canada's market share of imports in the region has continued to slide. The Harper government formulated the Global Markets Action Plan (GMAP) with a view toward improving Canada's trading position in emerging markets by closer integration of our trade officials with business groups, and focussing on encouraging small- and medium-sized firms to engage in export trade and integrating them into global value chains. Negotiating free trade agreements (FTAs) is another key component of this strategy. These laudable efforts that focus on economic factors lack a well-thought-out political strategy that would engage China and the Asia-Pacific and support our economic efforts. Separation of economics from politics will not work. Far from an integrated strategy, our political approach has been ambivalent and contradictory. Canada is late and hesitant to adjust to a global order that is no longer centered on the North Atlantic. Without commensurate policies to anchor efforts to increase our market share by negotiating an FTA with China, joining the East Asian Summit and the Asian Infrastructure bank, an economic strategy to engage the emerging markets will not bear fruit.

Résumé

Les gouvernements canadiens successifs ont mis l'accent sur les opportunités économiques en Chine et dans la région Asie-Pacifique. Pourtant les parts de marché des importations canadiennes dans la région n'ont pas cessé de décliner. Le gouvernement Harper a mis en place le Plan d'action sur les marchés mondiaux (PAMM) afin d'améliorer la position commerciale du Canada sur les marchés émergents grâce à une plus forte pénétration de nos représentants officiels du secteur du commerce dans les groupes d'affaires, et en se concentrant sur l'incitation des petites et moyennes entreprises à se lancer dans l'exportation et sur leur intégration dans les chaînes de valeur de l’économie mondiale. La négociation des accords de libre échange (ALE) est une autre composante clé de cette stratégie. Aussi louables soient-ils, ces efforts axés sur les facteurs économiques nécessitent une stratégie politique bien ficelée associant la Chine et la région Asie-Pacifique et soutenant nos activités économiques. Séparer l’économie de la politique ne fonctionne pas. Loin de constituer une stratégie intégrée, notre approche politique a été ambivalente et contradictoire. Le Canada tarde et hésite à s'adapter à un ordre mondial qui n'est plus centré sur l'Atlantique Nord. Sans une politique appropriée pour solidifier nos efforts d'accroissement de parts de marché en négociant un ALE avec la Chine, participant au sommet de l'Asie de l'Est et rejoignant la Banque asiatique d'investissement pour les infrastructures, toute stratégie économique visant à impliquer les marchés émergents se révélera infructueuse.

Acknowledgements

The Author wishes to thank the Philippe-Antroine Harbour for his help in preparing this article for publication. The author also thanks the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for its generous support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1. New Zealand has seen dairy exports nearly triple since an FTA was signed in 2008, and forestry exports double over a smaller period. This was accomplished through a complex and sometimes controversial pattern of cross-investment to solidify industry ties in dairy (PengXi Group Citation2015); for controversy see New Zealand Herald (Citation2015).

2. EDC ‘s role in the GMAP was elaborated in an interview with Janemary Banigan, Government Relations officer of the EDC, 20 July 2015. She gave figures of lending to the Asia Pacific as follows. Asia Pacific volume, breakdown by sector (in millions):

Infrastructure and environment: $6717;

Extractive: $4683;

Resources: $3319;

Information technology and communications: $1189;

Transportation: $1053;

Light manufacturing: $835.

3. Interview with Japanese Ambassador to Canada, August 2014.

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