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Articles

Trade, conflict, and opportunity: taking advantage of others’ protectionism and isolationism – the case of MERCOSUL

Pages 41-56 | Published online: 12 Aug 2019
 

ABSTRACT

The election of President Trump, Brexit, and the amplifying of isolationist voices have signaled the possible emergence of a new era – one of retreat in the Liberal International Order. While this is one way of defining the present moment, it does not capture the full picture, as uncertainty has opened and/or widened new partnerships. In this scenario, MERCOSUL (Southern Common Market) has both sought and been sought by a growing number of countries and international organizations, recently (re)launching free trade negotiations with many partners, including Canada. This paper explores the empirical aspects of MERCOSUL’s apparently sudden growth in attractiveness, reflecting external and internal factors, with particular attention to Brazil recent negotiations. The case allows an opportunity to reflect if the world is witnessing indeed an “unravelling” of the multilateralist world order or rather a re-adjustment, whereby increasing diversification is pursued through untraditional and overlooked partnerships. The idea is not to minimize the significant worldwide impacts of the US’ inward-looking trade policies and discourse or deny the growth in appeal to isolationism, but to question whether such positions are still exceptions, or if reports on the open trade system’s death have only been greatly exaggerated.

RÉSUMÉ

L'élection du Président Trump, le Brexit et l'amplification des voix isolationnistes ont mis en lumière l'émergence d'une nouvelle ère - celle du recul de l'ordre international libéral. Alors qu'il y a là une façon de définir le moment présent, celle-ci ne donne pas une image complète, puisque l'incertitude a ouvert et/ou élargi de nouveaux partenariats. Dans ce contexte, le Mercosur (marché commun du sud) a à la fois recherché - et été recherché par - un nombre croissant de pays et d'organisations internationales, qui ont récemment (re)lancé des négociations de libre-échange avec de nombreux partenaires, comprenant le Canada. Cet article examine les aspects empiriques de la croissance apparemment soudaine de l'attractivité du Mercosur, reflétant des facteurs externes et internes, avec une attention particulière pour les récentes négociations avec le Brésil. Ce dossier offre une opportunité de réflexion sur la question de savoir si le monde assiste vraiment à un « effilochement » de l'ordre mondial multilatéraliste ou plutôt à un réajustement, selon lequel une diversification croissante est poursuivie par le biais de partenariats non traditionnels et négligés. Il ne s'agit ni de minimiser l'impact mondial significatif des politiques et du discours commerciaux repliés sur eux-mêmes des États-Unis, ni de nier l'intérêt grandissant pour l'isolationnisme, mais de se demander si ces positions sont encore exceptionnelles, ou si les rapports sur la fin du système de commerce ouvert n'ont été que largement exagérés.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributors

Deborah Barros Leal Farias' research explores the role of emerging countries in global governance from a multidisciplinary perspective. She is an expert in Brazilian domestic and foreign policy, having worked as a policy advisor for the State Government of Ceara and a trade analyst at the Consulate General of Brazil in Vancouver. Her newest book (Routledge) is called Aid and Technical Cooperation as a Foreign Policy Tool for Emerging Donors: The Case of Brazil.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Notes

1 Trade bloc formed in 2011 by Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru.

2 Interview #1 of 3 December 2018.

3 A point well remained in interview #1 of 5 December 2018.

4 The ratification process is expected to take between two to three years.

5 Interview #2 of 5 December 2018.

6 Interviews #2 and #3 of 30 November 2018.

7 Interview #4 of 30 November 2018.

8 Interview #4 of 30 November 2018.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the University of New South Wales [grant number SPF02-PS49846].

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