A graphic turn for Canadian foreign policy: insights from systemism

Figures & data

Figure 1. Finding Philosophy in Social Science (Bunge, 1996). Diagrammed by: Michael R. Pfonner and Patrick James. This figure represents a generic set of variables and full set of potential connections involving a system and its environment.

Table 1. Systemist notation.

Initial variable		The starting point of a series of relationships
Generic variable		A step in the process being depicted
Divergent variable		Multiple pathways are created from a single linkage
Convergent variable		A single pathway is created from multiple linkages
Nodal variable		Multiple pathways are created from multiple linkages
Co-constitutive variable		Two variables that are mutually contingent upon each other
Terminal variable		The end point of a series of relationships
Connection stated in study		A linkage explicitly made by the author
Connection crossing over		Two separate linkages that do not interact
Connection inferred from study		A linkage inferred by the reader but is not made explicit by the author
Interaction effect		Two variables that depend upon the effect of each other

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Bunge, M. (1996). Finding philosophy in social science. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

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