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Original Articles

Population genetics and phenotypic differentiation of cotton leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Pakistan

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 33-43 | Received 13 May 2019, Accepted 29 Oct 2019, Published online: 18 Nov 2019
 

ABSTRACT

The cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida), a sucking insect pest of cotton and vegetables, is present throughout Southeast Asia. Patterns of molecular and morphological differentiation among A. biguttula populations collected from seven cotton growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan, were studied by sequencing the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene and by morphometrically analyzing wing shape. Molecular analysis revealed absence of isolation by distance (r = 0.075, P = 0.341) in spite of significant population differentiation (overall FST = 0.15 ± 0.06 (SE)). Also, haplotype diversity varied between populations, and neutrality tests indicated an excess of rare alleles in one of the seven areas. Although leafhopper populations are clearly shaped by genetic drift and possibly also by founder events, wing shape and size were conserved across the study area. These results have important implications for understanding the processes affecting patterns of molecular and morphological variations of pest insects that often are strongly controlled by agrochemical applications.

RÉSUMÉ

La cicadelle, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida), un insecte suceur nuisible du coton et des légumes, est présente en Asie du Sud-Est. Les patrons de différenciation moléculaire et morphologique de populations de A. biguttula de sept régions de culture du coton du Punjab, Pakistan, ont été étudiés en séquençant la région du code à barres du gène COI (cytochrome c oxydase 1) codé par les mitochondries et par l’analyse morphométrique de la forme des ailes. L’analyse moléculaire a révélé l’absence d’isolation due à la distance (r = 0,075, P = 0,341) en dépit de la différenciation significative des populations (FST global = 0,15 ± 0,06 (ES)). De plus, la diversité des haplotypes variait entre les populations et les tests de neutralité ont indiqué un surplus d’allèles rares dans une des sept régions. Bien que les populations de cicadelle soient clairement façonnées par la dérive génétique et possiblement aussi par des effets fondateurs, la forme et la taille des ailes étaient uniformes dans l’aire d’étude. Ces résultats ont d’importantes implications pour la compréhension des processus affectant les patrons de variation moléculaire et morphologique d’insectes nuisibles, souvent contrôlés par l’application d’agents agro-chimiques.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by the Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan under the research Project No. 2813, and the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship awarded by Federal Commission for Scholarships for Foreign Students (FCS).

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