The origin of industrial workers and rural in situ urbanization in Temanggung Regency, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

As part of the urbanization process, the origin of industrial workers can characterize the type and distribution of rural in situ urbanization. The case of Temanggung Regency, Indonesia, demonstrates the industrial growth of the rural population initially from that agricultural to industrial and urban activities. This study contributes to a contextual explanation of the roles of local workers and resources in the rural in situ urbanization process. The research found that push and pull factors of urban growth exist in the same location of rural areas, promoting reclassification of urban areas. These factors transform the rural hinterland area into a nascent centre of urban activities, which has a lower rate of regional migration due to the lower level of rural wages. Therefore, local workers and resources are essential for rural industrialization and in situ urbanization.

KEYWORDS:

• Industrial workers
• employment transformation
• rural industrialization
• rural urbanization
• in situ urbanization

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The paper is based on the research supported by the Doctoral Dissertation Research Award of the Ministry of Research and Technology / National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia (agreement number. 258-47/UN7.6.1/PP/2020).