Hyperlipidemic Inhibitory Effects of Phellinus pini in Rats Fed with a High Fat and Cholesterol Diet

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of the experimental diet.

Ingredient	NC	HFC	HFC + PhP
Corn starch	550	390	340
Casein	200	200	200
L-Cystine	3	3	3
Sucrose	100	100	100
Cellulose	50	50	50
Soybean oil	50	50	50
Lard	–	150	150
Vitamin mixture	10	10	10
Mineral mixture	35	35	35
Choline bitartrate	2	2	2
Cholesterol	–	10	10
Mushroom powder	–	–	50
Total	1000	1000	1000

NC: normal control diet; HFC: high fat and cholesterol diet; HFC + PhP: high fat and cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% Phellinus pini fruiting body powder.

Mineral mixture; AIN-93G mineral mixture [11].

Vitamin mixture; AIN-93G vitamin mixture [11].

Figure 1. The α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of methanol extract from fruiting bodies of Phellinus pini. (A) α-glucosidase inhibitory activity; (B) α-amylase inhibitory activity. Values are means ± S.D (n = 3). ***p ≤ .001, **p ≤ .01 versus Acarbose.

Figure 2. The pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities of methanol extract from fruiting bodies of Phellinus pini. (A) Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity; (B) Cholesterol esterase inhibitory activity. Values are means ± S.D (n = 3). ***p ≤ .001, **p ≤ .001, *p ≤ .05 versus positive controls.

Table 2. Effect of Phellinus pini on body weight and food intake of rats.

Parameters	NC	HFC	HFC + AP
Initial body weight (g)	102.4 ± 4.56	101.6 ± 5.2	102.6 ± 4.5
Final body weight (g)	243.9 ± 4.7	254.7 ± 4.8	241.3 ± 4.3
Weight gain (g/6 weeks)	141.4 ± 3.5^a	153.1 ± 3.3^b	138.7 ± 3.0^a
Total food intake (g/6 weeks)	741.3 ± 7.6^c	672.3 ± 7.46^b	640.6 ± 6.2^a
FER	0.19 ± 0.01^a	0.23 ± 0.02^b	0.22 ± 0.02^b

The values are mean ± SD (n = 8). Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences among groups at p ≤ .05 as determined by Duncan’s multiple range tests. FER (Food efficiency ratio) = Body weight gain for experimental period/Food intake for experimental period. NC: normal control diet; HFC: high fat and cholesterol diet; HFC + PhP: high fat and cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% Phellinus pini fruiting body powder.

Figure 3. Effect of Phellinus pini on plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio in rats. Results are means ± SD (n = 8). Different symbol indicates significant differences among groups at **p ≤ .01 as determined by Duncan's multiple range tests. NC: normal control diet; HFC: high fat and cholesterol diet; HFC + PhP: high fat and cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% Phellinus pini fruiting body powder.

Table 3. Effect of Phellinus pini on plasma lipid profiles in rats.

Parameters	NC	HFC	HFC + PhP
TC (mg/dL)	95.50 ± 3.12^a	115.50 ± 3.43^b	82.75 ± 5.07^a
HDL-C (mg/dL)	40.13 ± 2.52	44.38 ± 3.81	40.00 ± 2.44
LDL-C (mg/dL)	10.43 ± 0.97^a	19.00 ± 1.22^b	8.75 ± 1.09^a
TG (mg/dL)	62.13 ± 4.14^b	85.25 ± 4.84^c	42.88 ± 3.85^a
AI	1.38 ± 0.23^a,b	1.60 ± 0.29^b	1.07 ± 0.15^a

The values are mean ± SD (n = 8). Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences among groups at p ≤ .05 as determined by Duncan’s multiple range tests. TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-C: very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; AI (atherogenic index) = [(total cholesterol – HDL-cholesterol)]/ HDL-cholesterol; NC: normal control diet; HFC: high fat and cholesterol diet; HFC + PhP: high fat and cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% Phellinus pini fruiting body powder.

Table 4. Effect of Phellinus pini on plasma biochemical parameters in rats.

Parameters	NC	HFC	HFC + PhP
Albumin (g/dL)	3.01 ± 0.15	3.11 ± 0.18	2.83 ± 0.11
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.58 ± 0.04	0.59 ± 0.02	0.58 ± 0.03
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	17.63 ± 0.47	18.14 ± 0.72	16.25 ± 1.76
Uric acid (mg/dL)	2.03 ± 0.16	2.38 ± 0.18	1.94 ± 0.11
Glucose (mg/dL)	127.25 ± 6.09^a	138.50 ± 4.95^b	127.38 ± 8.31^a
Total protein (g/dL)	6.91 ± 0.18	7.15 ± 0.21	6.71 ± 0.23

The values are mean ± SD (n = 8). Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences among groups at p ≤ .05 as determined by Duncan’s multiple range tests. NC: normal control diet; HFC: high fat and cholesterol diet; HFC + PhP: high fat and cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% A Phellinus pini fruiting body powder.

Table 5. Effect of Phellinus pini on plasma enzyme profiles related to liver function in rats.

Parameters	NC	HFC	HFC + PhP
AST (U/L)	75.38 ± 4.21	82.00 ± 3.16	73.38 ± 6.40
ALT (U/L)	55.50 ± 3.12	57.13 ± 4.26	52.00 ± 4.47
ALP (U/L)	299.13 ± 18.31^a	377.00 ± 25.91^b	287.75 ± 16.70^a

The values are mean ± SD (n = 8). Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences among groups at p ≤ .05 as determined by Duncan’s multiple range tests. AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; NC: normal cholesterol diet; HFC: high fat and cholesterol diet; HFC + PhP: high fat and cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% Phellinus pini fruiting body powder.

Table 6. Effect of Phellinus pini on fecal total lipid and cholesterol in rats.

Parameters (mg/g dry feces)	NC	HFC	HFC + PhP
Total lipid	18.3 ± 0.3^a	50.4 ± 0.6^b	62.3 ± 1.1^c
Cholesterol	3.4 ± 0.2^a	12.6 ± 0.5^b	17.1 ± 1.6^c

The values are mean ± SD (n = 8). Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences among groups at p ≤ .05 as determined by Duncan’s multiple range tests. NC: normal control diet; HFC: high fat and cholesterol diet; HFC + PhP: high fat and cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% Phellinus pini fruiting body powder.

Figure 4. Effect of feeding Phellinus pini on hepatocyte cells in rats. (A–C) oil red O stained photomicrographs at 100×; (D–F) photomicrographs of red O stain at 400×. NC: normal control diet; HFC: high fat and cholesterol diet; HFC + PhP: high fat and cholesterol diet supplemented with 5% Phellinus pini fruiting body powder.

Reeves PG, Nielsen FH, Fahey GC Jr. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr. 1993;123:1939–1951.

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