Phylogenetic and Morphological Characterization of Cladosporium perangustum Associated with Flyspeck on Shine Muscat Grapes in South Korea

Figures & data

Figure 1. Symptoms of flyspeck on Shine Muscat fruits. (A, B) Symptoms on naturally infected grapes; (C, D) Flyspeck symptoms on artificially inoculated fruit.

Figure 2. Morphological characteristics of Cladosporium perangustum (SM1). (A, B) Fourteen-day old colony; (C–F) Macronematous conidiophores and conidial chains. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Table 1. Comparative study of morphological characteristics of present and previously identified isolates of Cladosporium perangustum.

Characteristics	Present isolate	Cladosporium perangustum [7]
Colony	Gray-olivaceous to olivaceous-black	Gray-olivaceous to olivaceous, olivaceous-gray or iron-gray.
Conidiophores
Shape	Macronematous or semimacronematous, erect, filiform to cylindrical, and 0-5 septate.	Macronematous, semimacronematous or micronematous, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, filiform to narrowly cylindrical-oblong, and 0-6 septate.
Size	28.4–107.7 × 3.0–6.5 μm (av. ± SD: 63.1 ± 22.5 × 4.7 ± 0.9)	12–130 × 2–3.5 μm
Ramoconidia
Shape	Cylindrical-oblong, mostly aseptate, and truncate bases.	Cylindrical-oblong, rarely septate, and truncate bases
Size	16.1–33.8 × 4.8–5. 3 μm (av. ± SD: 22.8 ± 5.2 × 4.2 ± 0.6). Base: 1.6–3.7 (av. ± SD: 3.1 ± 0.8	25–45 × 2.5–3 (−4.5) μm Base: 2–2.5 (−4) μm wide
Secondary ramoconidia
Shape	Mostly cylindrical, few are oblong	Narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical-oblong and septate
Size	8.4–20.3 × 3.3–4.4 μm (av. ± SD: 13.82 ± 2.9 × 3.1 ± 0.9)	6–30 × 2–3 μm (av. ± SD: 17.8 ± 7.4 × 2.5 ± 0.4)
Intercalary conidia
Shape	Ellipsoid, ovoid, and subcylindrical	Ovoid, limoniform to ellipsoid, somewhat fusiform or subcylindrical
Size	6.2–15.1 × 2.1–4.1 μm (av. ± SD: 9.8 ± 1.8 × 3.3 ± 0.4)	4–16 × 2–3 μm (av. ± SD: 8.7 ± 3.8 × 2.5 ± 0.4)
Terminal conidia
Shape	Globose	Globose, subglobose or ovoid to obovoid
Size	2.7–4.4 × 1.7–3.8 μm (av. ± SD: 3.7 ± 0.5 × 2.7 ± 0.6)	2–4 × 2–2.5 μm (av. ± SD: 3.1 ± 0.6 × 2.1 ± 0.2)

Figure 3. A 50% majority-rule consensus tree (Bayesian inference) using a combined dataset of ITS, EF1-a and ACT sequences. The posterior probability (>0.5) are given at the nodes. The scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site.

Table 2. List of fungal isolates present and their Genbank accession numbers.

Isolates	Host	Accession number
		ITS	EF-1α	ACT
SM1	Shine Muscat	LC573980	LC573984	LC573982
SM4	Shine Muscat	LC573981	LC573985	LC573983

Bensch K, Groenewald JZ, Dijksterhuis J, et al. Species and ecological diversity within the Cladosporium cladosporioides complex (Davidiellaceae, Capnodiales). Stud Mycol. 2010;67:1–94.

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