Diversity of the Bambusicolous Fungus Apiospora in Korea: Discovery of New Apiospora Species

Figures & data

Figure 1. ML tree based on ITS, LSU, TEF, and TUB concatenated datasets. The node numbers indicate the Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.70 and ML bootstrap support (BS) > 70% as PP/BS. The novel Apiospora cultures examined in this study are shown in bold-face orange color. The unrecorded species are denoted by a green color. Type materials indicated by “T”.

Table 1. Strain informations included in the phylogenetic analyses.

Species	Strain no.^a	Isolation source	Country	GenBank accession no.^b
				ITS	LSU	TEF	TUB
Apiospora acutiapica	KUMCC 20-0209	Clump of Bambusa bambos	China	MT946342	MT946338	MT947359	MT947365
	KUMCC 20-0210^c	Clump of Bambusa bambos	China	MT946343	MT946339	MT947360	MT947366
Ap. agari	KUC21333^c	Agarum cribrosum	Korea	MH498520	MH498440	MH544663	MH498478
	KUC21361	Agarum cribrosum	Korea	MH498519	MH498439	MN868914	MH498477
Ap. aquatica	S-642^c	Submerged wood	China	MK828608	MK835806	–	–
Ap. arctoscopi	KUC21331^c	Egg masses of Arctoscopus japonicus	Korea	MH498529	MH498449	MN868918	MH498487
	KUC21344	Egg masses of Arctoscopus japonicus	Korea	MH498528	MH498448	MN868919	MH498486
Ap. arundinis	CBS 124788	Living leaves of Fagus sylvatica	Switzerland	KF144885	KF144929	KF145017	KF144975
	CBS 133509	Sclerotium buried in sandy field	USA	KF144886	KF144930	KF145018	KF144976
Ap. aurea	CBS 244.83^c	Air	Spain	AB220251	KF144935	KF145023	KF144981
Ap. balearica	AP24118^c	Undetermined Poaceae	Spain	MK014869	MK014836	MK017975	MK017946
Ap. bambusicola	MFLUCC 20-0144^c	Dead culms of bamboo	Thailand	MW173030	MW173087	MW183262	–
Ap. biseriale	CGMCC3.20135^c	Dead culms of bamboo	China	MW481708	MW478885	MW522938	MW522955
	GZCC20-0099	Dead culms of bamboo	China	MW481709	MW478886	MW522939	MW522956
Ap. camelliae-sinsensis	LC5007^c	Camellia sinensis	China	KY494704	KY494780	KY705103	KY705173
	LC8181	Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera	China	KY494761	KY494837	KY705157	KY705229
Ap. chiangraiense	MFLU:21-0046	Dead culms of bamboo	Thailand	MZ542520	MZ542524	–	MZ546409
Ap. chromolaenae	MFLUCC 17-1505^c	Dead aerial culms of Chromolaena odorata	Thailand	MT214342	MT214436	MT235802	–
Ap. cordylines	GUCC 10026	Cordyline fruticosa	China	MT040105	–	MT040126	MT040147
	GUCC 10027	Cordyline fruticosa	China	MT040106	–	MT040127	MT040148
Ap. cyclobalanopsidis	CGMCC3.20136^c	Leaf of Cyclobalanopsi glauca (Thunb.) Oerst	China	MW481713	MW478892	MW522945	MW522962
	GZCC20-0103	Leaf of Cyclobalanopsi glauca (Thunb.) Oerst	China	MW481714	MW478893	MW522946	MW522963
Ap. dendrobii	MFLUCC 14-0152^c	Root of Dendrobium harveyanum	Thailand	MZ463151	MZ463192	–	–
Ap. descalsii	AP31118A^c	Ampelodesmos mauritanicus	Spain	MK014870	MK014837	MK017947	MK017976
Ap. dichotomanthi	LC4950^c	Dichotomanthes tristaniicarpa	China	KY494697	KY494773	KY705096	KY705167
	LC8175	Dichotomanthes tristaniicarpa	China	KY494755	KY494831	KY705151	KY705223
Ap. esporlensis	AP16717^c	Phyllostachys aurea	Spain	MK014878	MK014845	MK017954	MK017983
Ap. euphorbiae	IMI 285638 b	Bambusa sp.	Bangladesh	AB220241	AB220335	–	AB220288
Ap. fermenti	KUC21288	Seaweed	Korea	MF615230	MF615217	MH544668	MF615235
	KUC21289^c	Seaweed	Korea	MF615226	MF615213	MH544667	MF615231
Ap. gaoyouensis	CFCC 52301	Phragmites australis	China	MH197124	–	MH236793	MH236789
	CFCC 52302	Phragmites australis	China	MH197125	–	MH236794	MH236790
Ap. garethjonesii	JHB004^c	Bamboo	China	KY356086	KY356091	–	–
Ap. gelatinosa	CS19-29^c	Dead branch of bamboo	China	MW481706	MW478888	MW522941	MW522958
Ap. guiyangensis	HKAS 102403^c	Dead culm of unidentified grass	China	MW240647	MW240577	MW759535	MW775604
Ap. guizhouensis	LC5318	Air	China	KY494708	KY494784	KY705107	KY705177
	LC5322^c	Air	China	KY494709	KY494785	KY705108	KY705178
Ap. hispanica	IMI 326877^c	Maritime sand	Spain	AB220242	AB220336	–	AB220289
Ap. hydei	CBS 114990^c	Culms of Bambusa tuldoides	Hong Kong	KF144890	KF144936	KF145024	KF144982
	LC7103	Leaf of bamboo	China	KY494715	KY494791	KY705114	KY705183
Ap. hyphopodii	JHB003	Bamboo	China	KY356088	KY356093	–	–
	MFLUCC 15-003^c	Bamboo	Thailand	KR069110	–	–	–
Ap. hysterina	AP29717	Phyllostachys aurea	Spain	MK014875	MK014842	MK017952	MK017981
	ICPM 6889^c	Bamboo	New Zealand	MK014874	MK014841	MK017951	MK017980
	KUC21437	Branch of Phyllostachys bambusoides	Korea	ON764018	ON787757	ON806622	ON806632
	KUC21438	Branch of Phyllostachys bambusoides	Korea	ON764019	ON787758	ON806623	ON806633
Ap. iberica	AP10118^c	Arundo donax	Portugal	MK014879	MK014846	MK017955	MK017984
Ap. intestini	CBS 135835	Gut of grasshopper	India	KR011352	KR149063	KR011351	KR011350
Ap. italica	AP29118	Phragmites australis	Spain	MK014881	MK014848	MK017957	MK017986
	AP221017^c	Arundo donax	Italy	MK014880	MK014847	MK017956	MK017985
Ap. jatrophae	AMH-9557^c	Jatropha podagrica	India	JQ246355	–	–	–
Ap. jiangxiensis	LC4494	Phyllostachys sp.	China	KY494690	KY494766	KY705089	KY705160
	LC4577^c	Maesa sp.	China	KY494693	KY494769	KY705092	KY705163
Ap. kogelbergensis	CBS 113333	Dead culms of Restionaceae	South Africa	NR_120272	KF144938	KF145026	KF144984
	CBS 113332	Dead culms of Cannomois virgata	South Africa	KF144891	KF144937	KF145025	KF144983
Ap. koreana	KUC21332^c	Egg masses of Arctoscopus japonicus	Korea	MH498524	MH498444	MH544664	MH498482
	KUC21348	Egg masses of Arctoscopus japonicus	Korea	MH498523	MH498443	MN868927	MH498481
Ap. lageniformis sp. nov	KUC21681	Branch of Phyllostachys pubescens	Korea	ON764020	ON787759	ON806624	ON806634
	KUC21685	Branch of Phyllostachys pubescens	Korea	ON764021	ON787760	ON806625	ON806635
	KUC21686^c	Top of culm of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis	Korea	ON764022	ON787761	ON806626	ON806636
	KUC21687	Top of culm of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis	Korea	ON764023	ON787762	ON806627	ON806637
Ap. locuta-pollinis	LC11683^c	Bee bread	China	MF939595	–	MF939616	MF939622
Ap. longistroma	MFLUCC 11-0481^c	Bamboo	Thailand	KU940141	KU863129	–	–
Ap. malaysiana	CBS 251.29	Culm base of Cinnamomum camphora	Malaysia	KF144897	KF144943	KF145031	KF144989
	CBS 102053^c	Macaranga hullettii	Malaysia	KF144896	KF144942	KF145030	KF144988
Ap. marii	CBS 497.90^c	Beach sand	Spain	AB220252	KF144947	KF145035	KF144993
	CBS 114803	Pseudosasa hindsii	Hong Kong	KF144899	KF144945	KF145033	KF144991
Ap. marina	KUC21328^c	Seaweed	Korea	MH498538	MH498458	MH544669	MH498496
	KUC21353	Seaweed	Korea	MH498537	MH498457	MN868923	MH498495
Ap. mediterranea	IMI 326875^c	Air	Spain	AB220243	AB220337	–	AB220290
Ap. minutispora	1.70E-41^c	Soil	Korea	LC517882	–	LC518889	LC518888
Ap. mytilomorpha	DAOM 214595	Andropogon sp.	India	KY494685	–	–	–
Ap. neobambusae	LC7106^c	Leaf of bamboo	China	KY494718	KY494794	KY806204	KY705186
	LC7107	Leaf of bamboo	China	KY494719	–	KY705117	KY705187
Ap. neochinense	CFCC 53036^c	Fargesia qinlingensis	China	MK819291	–	MK818545	MK818547
Ap. neogarethjonesii	HKAS 102408^c	Bamboo	China	NR_171943	MK070898	–	–
Ap. neosubglobosa	JHB007^c	Bamboo	China	KY356090	KY356095	–	–
Ap. obovata	LC4940^c	Lithocarpus sp.	China	KY494696	KY494772	KY705095	KY705166
	LC8177	Lithocarpus sp.	China	KY494757	–	KY705153	KY705225
Ap. ovata	CBS 115042	Pseudosasa hindsii	Hong Kong	KF144903	KF144950	KF145037	KF144995
Ap. paraphaeosperma	GUCC 10126	–	–	MT040110	–	MT040131	MT040152
	MFLUCC 13-0644^c	Dead culms of bamboo	Thailand	KX822128	KX822124	–	–
	KUC21488	Culm of bamboo	Korea	ON764024	ON787763	ON806628	ON806638
	KUC21688	Culm of bamboo	Korea	ON764025	ON787764	ON806629	ON806639
Ap. phragmitis	CPC 18900	Culms of Phragmites australis	Italy	KF144909	KF144956	KF145043	KF145001
Ap. phyllostachydis	MFLUCC 18-1101	Dead culms of Phyllostachys heteroclada	China	MK351842	–	MK340918	MK291949
Ap. piptatheri	AP4817A^c	Piptatheri miliaceum	Spain	MK014893	MK014860	MK017969	–
	KUC21220	Sargassum sp.	Korea	KT207736	KT207686	MF615223	KT207636
	KUC21279	Sargassum sp.	Korea	MF615229	MF615216	MF615221	MF615234
Ap. psedospegazzinii	CBS 102052^c	Culm colonized by ants	Malaysia	KF144911	KF144958	KF145045	KF145002
Ap. pseudoparenchymatica	LC7234^c	Leaf of bamboo	China	KY494743	KY494819	KY705139	KY705211
Ap. pseudorasikravindrae	KUMCC 20-0208^c	Sheath of Bambusa dolichoclada	China	MT946344	–	MT947361	MT947367
	KUMCC 20-0211	Sheath of Bambusa dolichoclada	China	MT946345	–	MT947362	MT947368
Ap. pseudosinensis	CPC 21546^c	Leaf of bamboo	Netherlands	KF144910	KF144957	KF145044	MN868936
Ap. pterosperma	CPC 20193^c	Leaf of Lepidosperma gladiatum	Australia	KF144913	KF144960	KF145046	KF145004
Ap. pusillisperma	KUC21321^c	Seaweed	Korea	MH498533	MH498453	MN868930	MH498491
	KUC21357	Seaweed	Korea	MH498532	MH498452	MN868931	MH498490
Ap. qinlingensis	CFCC 52303^c	Fargesia qinlingensis	China	MH197120	–	MH236795	MH236791
	CFCC 52304	Fargesia qinlingensis	China	MH197121	–	MH236796	MH236792
Ap. rasikravindrae	LC5449	Soil	China	KY494713	–	KY705112	KY705182
	LC7115	Leaf of bamboo	China	KY494721	KY494797	KY705118	KY705189
	NFCCI 2144^c	Soil	Norway	JF326454	–	–	–
Ap. sacchari	CBS 301.49	Bamboo	Indonesia	KF144917	–	KF145048	KF145006
	CBS 372.67	Air		KF144918	KF144964	KF145049	KF145007
Ap. saccharicola	CBS 191.73	Air	Netherlands	KF144920	KF144966	KF145051	KF145009
	CBS 463.83	Dead culms of Phragmites australis	Netherlands	KF144921	KF144968	KF145053	KF145011
Ap. sargassi	KUC21228^c	Sargassum sp.	Korea	KT207746	KT207696	MH544677	KT207644
	KUC21232	Sargassum sp.	Korea	KT207750	KT207700	MH544676	KT207648
Ap. sasae	CPC 38165^c	Dead culms of Sasa veitchii	Netherlands	MW883402	MW883797	MW890104	MW890120
Ap. septata	CGMCC3.20134^c	Dead branch of bamboo	China	MW481711	MW478890	MW522943	MW522960
	GZCC20-0109	Dead branch of bamboo	China	MW481712	MW478891	MW522944	MW522961
Ap. serenensis	IMI 326869^c	Excipients, atmosphere and home dust	Spain	AB220250	AB220344	–	AB220297
Ap. setariae	Beilin 024	Setaria viridis	China	MT492005	–	MW118457	MT497467
Ap. setostroma	KUMCC 19-0217	Dead branches of bamboo	China	MN528012	MN528011	MN527357	–
Ap. sichuanensis	HKAS 107008	Dead culm of Poaceae	China	MW240648	MW240578	MW759536	MW775605
Ap. stipae	CPC 38101^c	Dead culm of Celtica gigantea	Spain	MW883403	MW883798	MW890105	MW890121
Ap. subglobosa	MFLUCC 11-0397^c	Bamboo	Thailand	KR069112	KR069113	–	–
Ap. subrosea	LC7292^c	Leaf of bamboo	China	KY494752	KY494828	KY705148	KY705220
Ap. taeanensis	KUC21322^c	Seaweed	Korea	MH498515	MH498435	MH544662	MH498473
	KUC21359	Seaweed	Korea	MH498513	MH498433	MN868935	MH498471
Ap. thailandica	LC5630	Rotten wood	China	KY494714	KF144970	KY705113	KY806200
	MFLUCC 15-0202^c	Dead culms of bamboo	Thailand	KU940145	KU863133	–	–
Ap. vietnamensis	IMI 99670	Citrus sinensis	Vietnam	KX986096	KX986111	–	KY019466
Ap. xenocordella	CBS 478.86	Soil from roadway	Zimbabwe	KF144925	KF144970	KF145055	KF145013
	CBS 595.66	Soil	Austria	KF144926	–	–	–
Ap. yunnana	MFLUCC 18-1102	Dead or nearly dead culms of Phyllostachys heteroclada	China	MK351843	KU863135	MK340919	MK291950
Ap. pseudohyphopodii sp. nov	KUC21680^c	Culm of Phyllostachys pubescens	Korea	ON764026	ON787765	ON806630	ON806640
	KUC21684	Culm of Phyllostachys pubescens	Korea	ON764027	ON787766	ON806631	ON806641
Arthrinium austriacum	GZU 345006	Carex pendula	Austria	MW208929	MW208860	–	–
Ar. caricicola	AP23518	Carex ericetorum	Germany	MK014871	MK014838	MK017948	MK017977
Ar. crenatum	AG19066^c	Probably Festuca burgundiana	France	MW208931	MW208861	–	–
Ar. curvatum	AP25418	Leaves of Carex sp.	Germany	MK014872	MK014839	MK017949	MK017978
Ar. japonicum	IFO 30500	–	Japan	AB220262	AB220356	–	AB220309
Ar. luzulae	AP7619-3	Dead leaves of Luzula sylvatica	Spain	MW208937	MW208863	–	–
Ar. morthieri	GZU 345043	Carex digitata	Austria	MW208938	MW208864	–	–
Ar. phaeospermum	CBS 114317	Leaf of Hordeum vulgare	Iran	KF144906	KF144953	KF145040	KF144998
	CBS 114318	Leaf of Hordeum vulgare	Iran	KF144907	KF144954	KF145041	KF144999
Ar. puccinioides	AP26418	Carex arenaria	Germany	MK014894	MK014861	MK017970	MK017998
	CBS 549.86	Lepidosperma gladiatum	Germany	AB220253	AB220347	–	AB220300
Ar. sorghi	URM 9300	Sorghum bicolor	Brazil	MK371706	–	–	MK348526
Ar. sphaerospermum	AP25619	Probably on Poaceae	Norway	MW208943	MW208865	–	–
Ar. sporophleum	AP21118	Juncus sp.	Spain	MK014898	MK014865	MK017973	MK018001
Ar. trachycarpum	CFCC 53038^c	Trachycarpus fortune	China	MK301098	–	MK303396	MK303394
Ar. urticae	IMI 326344	–	–	AB220245	AB220339	–	–
Nigrospora aurantiaca	CGMCC3.18130^c	Nelumbo sp.	China	KX986064	KX986098	KY019295	KY019465
N. camelliae-sinensis	CGMCC3.18125^c	Camellia sinensis	China	KX985986	KX986103	KY019293	KY019460
N. chinensis	CGMCC3.18127^c	Machilus breviflora	China	KX986023	KX986107	KY019422	KY019462
N. gorlenkoana	CBS 480.73^c	Vitis vinifera	Kazakhstan	KX986048	KX986109	KY019420	KY019456
N. guilinensis	CGMCC3.18124^c	Camellia sinensis	China	KX985983	KX986113	KY019292	KY019459
N. hainanensis	CGMCC3.18129^c	Musa paradisiaca	China	KX986091	KX986112	KY019415	KY019464
N. lacticolonia	CGMCC3.18123^c	Camellia sinensis	China	KX985978	KX986105	KY019291	KY019458
N. musae	CBS 319.34^c	Musa sp.	Australia	MH855545	KX986110	KY019419	KY019455
N. oryzae	LC2693	Neolitsea sp.	China	KX985944	KX986101	KY019299	KY019471
N. osmanthi	CGMCC3.18126^c	Hedera nepalensis	China	KX986010	KX986106	KY019421	KY019461
N. pyriformis	CGMCC3.18122^c	Citrus sinensis	China	KX985940	KX986100	KY019290	KY019457
N. rubi	LC2698^c	Rubus sp.	China	KX985948	KX986102	KY019302	KY019475
N. sphaerica	LC7298	Nelumbo sp.	China	KX985937	KX986097	KY019401	KY019606
N. vesicularis	CGMCC3.18128^c	Musa paradisiaca	China	KX986088	KX986099	KY019294	KY019463
N. zimmermanii	CBS 290.62^c	Saccharum officinarum	Ecuador	KY385309	–	KY385311	KY385317
Allelochaeta acuta	CBS 144168^c	Eucalyptus viminalis	Australia	MH822973	MH823023	MH823113	MH823160
Sporocadus trimorphus	CBS 114203^c	Rosa canina	Sweden	MH553977	MH554196	MH554395	MH554636

^aAG, Alain Gardiennet; AP, Ángel Pintos; CBS, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiverity Institute (WI), Utrecht, The Netherlands; CFCC, China Forestry Culture Collection Center, Beijing, China; CGMCC, China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Beijing, China; CPC, Culture collection of Pedro Crous, housed at the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; DAOM, Canadian Collection of Fungal Cultures, Ottawa, Canada; GUCC, Guizhou culture collection, Guizhou, China; GZU, arl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria; HKAS, Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China; IFO, Institute for Fermentation in Osaka, Japan; IMI, CABI Bioscience, Eggham, UK; JHB, H.B. Jiang; KUC, the Korea University Fungus Collection, Seoul, Korea; KUMCC, Kunming Institute of Botany Culture Collection, Kunming, China; LC, Personal culture collection of Lei Cai, housed at CAS, China; MFLUCC, Mae Fah Luang University Culture Collection, Thailand; NFCCI, National Fungal Culture Collection of India; and URM, URM culture collection in Brazil.

^bThe sequences generated in this study are shown in bold.

^cIndicate the type materials.

Figure 2. Apiospora lageniformis (KUC21686). (A) PDA; (B) MEA; (C) OA; (D, E) conidiogenous cell with conidia; (F) conidia; (G) lageniform conidiogenous cell; (H, I.) clustered conidia under UHR-SEM.

Figure 3. Apiospora pseudohyphopodii (KUC21680). (A) PDA; (B) MEA; (C) OA; (D, E) conidiogenous cell with conidia; (F) conidia generated on WA medium under light microscope; (G) lobed hyphopodia; (H) conidiogenous cell with ellipsoidal conidia under UHR-SEM; (I) lobed hyphopodia under UHR-SEM.

Figure 4. Apiospora hysterina (KUC21437). (A) PDA; (B) MEA; (C) OA; (D) conidia; (E, G) conidiogenous cell with conidia; (F, H, I) conidia under UHR-SEM.

Figure 5. Apiospora paraphaeosperma (KUC21488). (A) PDA; (B) MEA; (C) OA; (D, E) conidiogenous cell with conidia; (F) conidia generated on WA medium under light microscope; (G–I) conidiogenous cell with conidia under UHR-SEM.

Table 2. List of bambusicolous Apiospora in worldwide.

Species	Bamboo species^a	Organs	Country	Reference
Apiospora acutiapica	Ba. bambos	Clump	China	Senanayake et al. [36]
Ap. arundinis	Sasa sp., unidentified	Culm, leaf	Canada, China, Korea	Crous and Groenewald. [4], Wang et al. [7], Kim et al. [15]
Ap. bambusicola	Unidentified	Dead culm	Thailand	Tang et al. [37]
Ap. biseriale	Unidentified	Dead branch and culm	China	Feng et al. [38]
Ap. camelliae-sinensis	Ph. bambusoides	Leaf	Korea	Park et al. [17]
Ap. chiangraiense	Unidentified	Dead culm	Thailand	Tian et al. [10]
Ap. esporlensis	Ph. aurea	Dead culm	Spain	Pintos et al. [32]
Ap. euphorbiae	Unidentified	Dead culm	China	Jayasiri et al. [39]
Ap. garethjonesii	Unidentified	Dead culm and branch	China	Dai et al. [40], Feng et al. [38]
Ap. gelatinosa	Unidentified	Dead culm and branch	China	Feng et al. [38]
Ap. guizhouensis	Ba. multiplex	Branch	China	Senanayake et al. [36]
Ap. hydei	Ba. tuldoides, unidentified	Culm, leaf	Hong Kong, China	Crous and Groenewald. [4]
Ap. hyphopodii	Ba. tuldoides	Culm	Thailand	Senanayake et al. [31]
Ap. hysterina	Bambusa sp., Ph. aurea	Dead culm	New Zealand, Spain	Pintos et al. [32]
Ap. jiangxiensis	Phyllostachys sp., unidentified	Leaf	China	Wang et al. [7]
Ap. longistroma	Unidentified	Decaying culm	Thailand	Dai et al. [33]
Ap. neobambusae	Unidentified	Leaf	China	Wang et al. [7]
Ap. neochinensis	Fa. qinlingensis	Culm	China	Jiang et al. [41]
Ap. neogarethjonesii	Unidentified	Dead culm	China	Hyde et al. [42]
Ap. neosubglobosa	Unidentified	Dead culm	China	Dai et al. [40]
Ap. multiloculata	Unidentified	Dead culm	Thailand	Bhunjun et al. [43]
Ap. paraphaeosperma	Bambusa sp.	Dead clumps	Thailand	Hyde et al. [35]
Ap. phyllostachydis	Ph. heteroclada	Dead culm	China	Yang et al. [44]
Ap. pseudoparenchymatica	Unidentified	Leaf	China	Wang et al. [7]
Ap. pseudorasikravindrae	Ba. dolichoclada	Sheath	China	Senanayake et al. [36]
Ap. pseudosinensis	Unidentified	Leaf	Netherlands	Crous and Groenewald. [4]
Ap. qinlingensis	Fa. qinlingensis	Culm	China	Jiang et al. [45]
Ap. rasikravindrae	Unidentified, L. intermedia	Dead culm, Leaf, Shoot	China, Thailand	Wang et al. [7], Tian et al. [10], Majeedano et al. [46]
Ap. sacchari	Unidentified		Indonesia	Crous and Groenewald. [4]
Ap. septata	Unidentified	Dead culm	China	Feng et al. [38]
Ap. subglobosa	Unidentified	Culm	Thailand	Senanayake et al. [31]
Ap. subroseum	Unidentified	Leaf	China	Wang et al. [7]
Ap. thailandica	Unidentified	Culm	Thailand	Dai et al. [33]
Ap. yunnana	Unidentified	Culm	China	Dai et al. [33]

^aThe genus names of bamboo were abbreviated as: Ba., Bambusa; Ph., Phyllostachys; Fa., Fargesia; and L., Lignania.

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