Chloroplast DNA haplotype variation within two natural populations of wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) in southern Turkey

Figures & data

Figure 1. Two natural populations of the wild emmer wheat (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) investigated in this study.

Table 1. Number of alleles and diversity indices of chloroplast microsatellite loci in the two natural populations 30b and 31b.

	No. of alleles		Gene diversity (H)
Locus	30b	31b	30b	31b
WCt1	1	1	0.00	0.00
WCt2	5	4	0.65	0.69
WCt3	4	3	0.60	0.47
WCt4	1	2	0.00	0.32
WCt5	3	3	0.14	0.57
WCt6	3	2	0.60	0.50
WCt7	1	1	0.00	0.00
WCt8	1	2	0.00	0.06
WCt9	2	1	0.17	0.00
WCt10	2	3	0.28	0.37
WCt11	1	1	0.00	0.00
WCt12	3	4	0.54	0.70
WCt13	3	2	0.60	0.41
WCt14	1	1	0.00	0.00
WCt15	3	4	0.61	0.49
WCt16	1	1	0.00	0.00
WCt17	2	2	0.51	0.11
WCt18	1	1	0.00	0.00
WCt19	3	3	0.37	0.68
WCt20&21	1	1	0.00	0.00
WCt22	4	3	0.49	0.52
WCt23	2	2	0.51	0.44
WCt24	2	3	0.28	0.37
Average	2.17	2.17	0.28	0.29

Table 2. Size variation of amplified fragments at 24 chloroplast microsatellite loci found among 23 plastotypes.

	WCt locus and size in bp^1
Plastotype	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20/21	22	23	24	Population	Sample no.^2
	109	132	148	199	83	187	168	150	125	187	171	149	110	199	105	100	146	199	153	178	197	108	189
Plastogroup I
E-18	0	−1	0	0	1	−1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	–1	0	0	30b	B1, B4, B6, B10, D8, D12, E10
																								31b	H1, H5, H6, H8
E-29	0	−1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	31b	G4
E-40	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	31b	M3, M4
E-56	0	0	0	0	1	−1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	−1	0	0	0	1	0	−1	0	0	30b	B5, D11, E1, E2, E8
S-10	0	−1	0	0	2	−1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	−1	0	0	0	2	0	−1	0	0	31b	L2
S-12	0	−1	0	0	2	−1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	−1	0	0	31b	F12, G2, G5, G10, L8, M1, M2, M5
S-20	0	1	0	−1	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	31b	F1, F4, F6, F15, H4, H15, L1
S-44	0	−1	−1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	31b	L15
S-45	0	−1	0	0	2	−1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	0	−1	−1	0	31b	H10
S-46	0	−1	1	0	1	−1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	−1	0	0	30b	A1, K15
S-47	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	−1	0	−1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	−1	30b	B15
S-48	0	2	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	−1	0	−1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	−1	30b	i1, i2, i3
S-49	0	−1	0	0	1	−1	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	−1	0	0	30b	K6, K8
S-50	0	1	−1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	−1	0	−1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	−1	30b	B8, C2
S-51	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	−1	0	−1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	−1	30b	B2, D4, K2
S-52	0	1	1	0	1	−1	0	1	0	−1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	−1	31b	L4
Plastogroup II
E-55	0	−3	−1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	−1	−4	0	2	0	1	0	1	0	0	−1	0	30b	D2
E-58	0	−3	−1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	−1	−4	0	2	0	1	0	1	0	−1	−1	0	30b	A2, A4, A6, A8, A10, A15, C6, C8, E4, E15, J3, J4, J5, J6, J10, J12, J14, J16, K1, K4, K5, K10
																								31b	L10
S-4	0	−3	−1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	−1	−4	0	2	0	1	0	0	0	1	−1	0	31b	F10
S-40	0	−3	−2	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	−1	−4	0	2	0	1	0	1	0	0	−1	0	30b	D1, D5, D16
S-41	0	−3	−2	0	2	−1	0	0	0	0	0	−1	−4	0	2	0	1	0	1	0	0	−1	0	30b	C10
S-42	0	−3	−1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	−1	−4	0	2	0	1	0	2	0	−2	−1	0	30b	A12, E6, E12
S-43	0	−3	−1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	−1	−4	0	2	0	0	0	1	0	−1	−1	0	31b	G8, G15, I2, I3, I4, I5, I6, I8

¹Allele size indicates the nucleotide length difference (+/− for longer or shorter) from those of T. aestivum cv Chinese Spring (CS). The allele sizes in CS are shown below the locus names.

²Wild emmer wheat samples are indicated by code number as shown in Table S1 in Supplemental data.

Table 3. Frequency of plastotypes found in population 30b and 31b.

Plastotype	E-18	E-58	E-55	E-56	S-40	S-41	S-42	S-46	S-47	S-48	S-49	S-50	S-51	E-29	E-40	S-4	S-10	S-12	S-20	S-43	S-44	S-45	S-52	Total number of samples
30b	7	22	1	5	3	1	3	2	1	3	2	2	3											55
31b	4	1												1	2	1	1	8	7	8	1	1	1	36
Number of samples	11	23	1	5	3	1	3	2	1	3	2	2	3	1	2	1	1	8	7	8	1	1	1	91

Figure 2. UPGMA tree showing genetic relationship among 23 plastotypes identified in this study. The number in italic shows the bootstrap values for each clade, calculated by 1000 times of resampling. The code ‘Ae’ represents an Aegilops tauschii accession used as an out-group.

Figure 3. Two-dimensional plot of a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of 23 plastotypes identified in wild emmer wheat. Black circle, empty triangle and grey square represent plastotypes found in 30b, 31b and in both 30b and 31b, respectively. Axis 1 and axis 2 explained 39.3% and 25.3% of the total variation, respectively.

Figure 4. Frequency of plastotypes within the two populations, 30b (upper panel) and 31b (lower panel). Number in italic indicates the sampling plot in the map (right). Circles show the proportion of plastotypes found in each plot.