Evaluation of cytotoxicity and gelatinases activity in 3T3 fibroblast cell by root repair materials

Figures & data

Table 1. Materials tested and their composition.

Material/manufacturer	Chemical compounds	Indications for use
(1) Ortho MTA BioMTA, Seoul National University, Research Park Room #323, San 4-2 Bongchun dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea	Tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, free calcium oxide, bismuth oxide	Orthograde canal sealer, perforation repair, iatrogenic root resorption repair, apexification, root-end filling, pulp capping
(2) Retro MTA BioMTA, Seoul National University, Research Park Room #323, San 4-2 Bongchun dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea	Calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, calcium zirconia complex	Perforation repair, iatrogenic root resorption repair, apexification, root-end filling, pulp capping
(3) BioAggregate Innovative BioCeramix, Inc., 3650 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BCV6S2L2, Canada	Gel-like calcium silicate hydrate, calcium hydroxide, hydroxyapatite, tantalum oxide, amorphous silicon oxide	Repair of root perforations, repair of root resorption, root-end filling, apexification, pulp capping
(4) Biodentine Septodont, 205 Granite Run Drive, Suite 150, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA	Powder: tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium carbonate and oxide, iron oxide, zirconium oxide Liquid: calcium chloride, hydrosoluble polymer	Pulp capping, pulpotomy, root-end filling, repair of root perforations, repair of root resorption, apexification, liner/base, temporary restorative
(5) MTA Plus Prevest-Denpro, Industrial Estate, Digana, Jammu City, India	Tricalcium silicate, bismuth oxide, dicalcium oxide, calcium sulphate, silica	Pulpotomy, perforation repair, internal resorption repair, root-end filling, apexogenesis, apexification, pulp capping
(6) MTA Angelus Angelus Indistria de Produtos Odontologicos S/A, Rua Waldir Landgraf, 101, Londrina-PR-86031-218, Brazil	Tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, bismuth oxide	Pulp capping, pulpotomy, root-end filling, repair of root perforations, repair of root resorptions, apexification
(7) MTA Cerkamed Ul. Kwiatkowskiego 1, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, Polska	Potassium oxides, aluminium oxides, ferric oxides, potassium sulphate, sodium sulphate	Resorption, perforation, furcation repair, apexification, root-end filling, direct pulp capping

Table 2. Assessing the cell viability of 3T3 cells after culture with one and seven days of materials (AVG: average, SD: standard deviation).

	First day	Seventh day	Difference between the cytotoxicities
Groups	AVG ± SD (median)	AVG ± SD (median)	AVG ± SD (median)	First–seventh day ^bp
Ortho MTA	98 ± 1 (98)	89 ± 1 (89)	−9 ± 0 (−9)	0.083
Retro MTA	97 ± 1 (97)	92 ± 2.65 (91)	−5 ± 1,73 (−6)	0.102
BioAggregate	97 ± 1.73 (98)	104 ± 2 (104)	7 ± 1 (7)	0.109
Biodentine	94 ± 3 (94)	83.67 ± 3.06 (83)	−10.33 ± 0.58 (−10)	0.102
MTA Plus	100 ± 1 (100)	93.33 ± 1.53 (93)	−6.67 ± 0.58 (−7)	0.102
MTA Angelus	100.33 ± 1,53 (100)	99.33 ± 1.53 (99)	−1 ± 0 (−1)	0.083
MTA Cerkamed	105 ± 1 (105)	96 ± 1 (96)	−9 ± 0 (−9)	0.083
^ap	0.008**	0.004**	0.003**

^a Kruskal–Wallis test.

^b Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.

**p < 0.01.

Figure 1. Cytotoxic effects of Ortho MTA, Retro MTA, BioAggregate, Biodentine, MTA Plus, MTA Angelus and MTA Cerkamed upon cultured 3T3 fibroblast cells, one and seven days after. Results are shown in mean percentage from three independent experiments. The error bars represent the standard deviation (SD) (*p < 0.05).

Figure 2. Effect of the Ortho MTA, Retro MTA, BioAggregate, Biodentine, MTA Plus, MTA Angelus and MTA Cerkamed on the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression as determined gelatin zymogram.

Table 3. MMP-2 levels of the conditioned medium from the 3T3 cells contact with materials (AVG: average, SD: standard deviation).

	Zymography
Group	AVG ± SD	Median
Control	6060.0 ± 150.99	6080
Ortho MTA	980.33 ± 105.64	941
Retro MTA	6647.67 ± 495.29	6500
BioAggregate	1017.33 ± 77.24	1005
Biodentine	6645 ± 407.52	6735
MTA Plus	4969.33 ± 60.18	5000
MTA Angelus	6318.33 ± 228.61	6299
MTA Cerkamed	6647 ± 313.73	6541
p	0.006**

Note: Kruskal-Wallis test.

**p < 0.01.

Figure 3. Microscopic pictures of 3T3 cell culture following exposure of the Ortho MTA (a), Retro MTA (b), BioAggregate (c), Biodentine (d), MTA Plus (e), MTA Angelus (f), MTA Cerkamed (g) and control group (h).