Flavonoids and biological activities of various extracts from Rosa sempervirens leaves

Figures & data

Table 1. UV data for flavonoids from R. sempervirens leaves.

λ max (nm)
Flavonoids	MeOH	NaOMe	AlCl3	AlCl3/HCl	NaOAc	NaOAc/H3BO3
Quercetin	370, 301 sh, 269 sh, 255	321 (dec) 247 sh	458, 333, 304 sh, 272	428, 359, 301 sh, 265	390 (dec) 329, 274, 257 sh	388, 303 sh, 261
Quercetin 3-xyloside	352, 300 sh, 267 sh, 256	395, 327, 271	433, 334, 305 sh, 275	404, 357, 303 sh, 273	376,322 sh, 275	370, 300 sh, 263
Quercitrin	350, 301 sh, 265 sh, 256	393, 326, 270	430, 333, 304 sh, 276	401, 353, 303 sh, 272	372,322 sh, 272	367, 300 sh, 260
Hyperoside	362, 299 sh, 269 sh, 257	409, 327, 272	438,331 sh, 305 sh, 275	405,366 sh, 299 sh, 268	380, 324, 274	377, 298 sh, 262

Table 2. Total phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of the extracts from R. sempervirens leaves.

		ABTS activity
Extracts/standards	DPPH activity IC50 (µg/mL)	IC50 (µg/mL)*	mmol/L TE/g extract**	TPC (mg GAE/g extract)***	TFC (mg CE/g extract)****
B	804.1 ± 13.58^a	201.5 ± 7.71^a	1.84 ± 0.25^a	17.49 ± 0.10^a	9.85 ± 0.87^a
C	56.05 ± 1.87^b	26.69 ± 0.58^b	15.31 ± 0.94^b	62.86 ± 0.80^b	40.87 ± 1.73^b
D	51.52 ± 1.20^b	11.97 ± 0.26^c	28.84 ± 0.77^c	63.25 ± 1.44^b	38.92 ± 1.41^b
E	3.96 ± 0.45^c	2.92 ± 0.05^d	140.4 ± 1.70^d	203.8 ± 4.28^c	95.81 ± 5.60^c
Ascorbic acid	2.48 ± 0.24^c
Trolox		3.17 ± 0.03^d

Note: Values are means from three replicates ± SD. Different superscript letters in the same row or column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

* IC₅₀ value was obtained by interpolation from linear regression analysis.

** Expressed as mmol/L trolox equivalents per gram extract.

* **Expressed as milligram gallic acid equivalents per gram extract.

* ***Expressed as milligram catechin equivalents per gram extract.

Table 3. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts from R. sempervirens leaves.

	Micro-organisms^a MIC (µg/mL)
Extracts^b/ standards	S.a.	S.e.	E.c.	K.p.	P.a.	P.m.	C.a.
B	–^c	–	–	–	–	–	–
C	–	–	–	–	–	–	312
D	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
E	–	–	–	–	–	–	39
Ciprofloxacin
Fluconazole							1

^a S.a.: Staphylococcus aureus; S.e.: Staphylococcus epidermidis; E.c.: Escherichia coli; K.p.: Klebsiella pneumoniae; P.a.: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; P.m.: Proteus mirabilis; C.a.: Candida albicans.

^b B: chloroform fraction of petroleum extract; C: benzene extract; D: chloroform extract; E: ethyl acetate extract.

^c Not active (≥1250 μg/mL).