Antioxidant capacities of Bacillus endophyticus ST-1 and Ketogulonicigenium vulgare 25B-1 in vitamin C fermentation

Figures & data

Table 1. qPCR primers used in this study.

Gene product	Gene	Primer name	Primer sequence (5′→3′)
Superoxide	sodA	B.e_sodA_F	TCGTCCCAGTTTACAACATTCC
dismutase		B.e_sodA_R	CAAGCACTCCAAACCAAGATTC
Catalase	katE	B.e_katE_F	TAATCCAAACTCCGTCACCATC
		B.e_katE_R	TCGCTTCACCAAGTCACATAC
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	zwf	B.e_zwf_F	TAGCAGTCATCATTACGAGTTG
		B.e_zwf_R	AGTGAGACGGTCGGAGTAG
Glutathione	gp	B.e_gp_F	ACTCCACAGTTTGAAGGTCTTC
peroxidase		B.e_gp_R	TCTCCTCCTCGCCTCCAG
Superoxide	sodB	K.v_sodB_F	CGGCATCTTCAACAACATCAG
Dismutase		K.v_sodB_R	TGAACTTGGCAACCGAACC
Catalase	katA	K.v_katA_F	GTCGCAACACTGTCGTCTC
		K.v_katA_R	GATTTCACCAGATGCCATTCG
Glutathione	gor	K.v_gor_F	GAGGCGGGCGAGATGATC
reductase		K.v_gor_R	TGCGTAGCGTGACCAGTTC
Glutaredoxin	grxC	K.v_grxC_F	CTATGCCGAGGTGGATGTC
		K.v_grxC_R	CGTTCAGTTCATACAGGTCATC
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	zwf	K.v_zwf_F	GGGCGTGCCGTTCTATTTG
		K.v_zwf_R	CAGGCGAATGGACAGGATATTG

Figure 1. Cell growth of B. endophyticus ST-1 and K. vulgare 25B-1 in mono- and co-cultures fermentation systems.

Figure 2. Variations in ORP (a) and 2-KLG (b) production in mono- and co-cultures fermentation systems.

Figure 3. Variations in intracellular ROS levels for two strains, K. vulgare 25B-1 (a) and B. endophyticus ST-1 (b), in different fermentation systems.

Figure 4. Variations in T-SOD (a, b), CAT activity (c, d), and T-AOC (e, f) in different fermentation systems: in K. vulgare 25B-1 (a, c, e) and B. endophyticus ST-1 (b, d, f).

Figure 5. Expression levels of the oxidative stress-related genes sodA (a), katE (b), gp (c) and zwf (d) from B. endophyticus ST-1 in mono- and co-cultures.

Figure 6. Expression levels of the oxidative stress-related genes sodB (a), katA (b), gor (c), grxC (d) and zwf (e) from K. vulgare 25B-1 in mono- and co-cultures.