Metabolic profiling of Antarctic yeasts by proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based spectroscopy

Figures & data

Figure 1. Quantities of biomass and exopolysaccharide synthesized by Antarctic strains.

Figure 2. ¹H NMR spectra of extracted metabolites. D. hansenii (1); L. scotii (2); C. laurentii (3); S. salmonicolor (4); and R. glutinis (5).

Table 1. ¹H NMR chemical shifts (δ, ppm) and coupling constant (J, Hz) identified by relevant ¹H NMR and 2D NMR spectra.

Strains metabolite	L. scotii	S. salmonicolor	R. glutinis	C. laurentii	D. hansenii	Chemical shift (ppm)	Multiplicity/coupling constant (Hz)
Alanine				+	+	δ 1.48	(d, J = 7.2Hz)
Leucine					+	δ 0.96/δ 0.97	(d, J = 6.4Hz)/(d, J = 6.4Hz)
Threonine						δ 1.36	(d, J = 6.9Hz)
Valine					+	δ 1.00/δ 1.05	(d, J = 7.0Hz)/(d, J = 7.0 Hz)
Tyrosine			+		+	δ 7.17/6.84	(d, J = 8.5 Hz)/(d, J = 8.5 Hz)
Adenine			+		+	δ 8.21/δ 8.19	(s)/(s)
α-Glucose	+	+	+		+	δ 5.17	(d, J = 3.7 Hz)
β-Glucose	+	+	+	+	+	δ 4.57	(d, J = 7.9 Hz)
γ-Amino-butyrate (GABA)					+	δ 1.93/δ 2.42/δ 3.01	(m)/(t, J = 7.2Hz)/(m)
Formic acid			+		+	δ 8.50	(s)
Acetic acid					+	1.97	(s)
Choline	+	+	+	+	+	δ 3.23	(s)
Unidentified signals	+		+	+		δ 5.15	(d, J = 3.83Hz)
	+					δ 2.60	(s)
	+		+	+		δ 4.01/3.95/3.51	(dd, J = 12.7/1.3 Hz)/(m)/(t, J = 11.2 Hz)
				+		δ 4.23	(d, J = 3.75 Hz)
				+		δ 4.62 / 4.48	(m)/(m)
				+		δ 3.38	(m)
						δ 3.19	(dd, J = 7.9/9.3 Hz)
						δ 3.03	(s)
						δ 3.84/3.41/3.55	(dd, J = 10.1/3.1 Hz)/(d, J = 9.1 Hz)/(d, J = 8.9 Hz)

Figure 3. PCA score plots (at 95% confidence level of 20 spectra peak tables).

Figure 4. HCA Dendograms of 20 spectral peak tables. Note: Euclidean distance and minimum variance linkage method (Ward’s) are used.