In vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of newly synthesised boron ionic liquids

Figures & data

Figure 1 Cationic structures of boron.

Figure 2 Synthesis reaction of dicyclohexylborenium dimethyl amino pyridine trifluoro methane sulphonate (Compound 1).

Figure 3 Synthesis reaction of dicyclohexyl borenium dimethyl amino pyridine 2-amino-4-methylpentanoate (Compound 2).

Figure 4 Synthesis reaction of bisdimethyl amino borenium dimethyl amino pyridine trifluoroacetate (Compound 3).

Figure 5 Synthesis reaction of dicyclohexyl borinium trifluoro methane sulphonate (Compound 4).

Table 1. Cell viability rates of cultured human blood cells after exposure to boron compounds for 72 h.

Groups		MTT assay (% cell viability)	LDH release assay (% cell viability)
Control (−)		100	100
Control (+)		23.4 ± 2.8*	27.3 ± 3.4*
1	1.56mg/L	97.9 ± 8.1	99.8 ± 11.5
	3.12 mg/L	98.6 ± 7.2	99.6 ± 9.9
	6.25 mg/L	97.4 ± 6.5	98.9 ± 10.8
	12.5 mg/L	99.3 ± 7.1	99.3 ± 9.6
	25 mg/L	96.2 ± 7.9	97.3 ± 10.2
	50 mg/L	94.8 ± 6.4	98.2 ± 8.7
	100 mg/L	95.3 ± 5.9	96.1 ± 9.3
	200 mg/L	87.1 ± 7.7*	86.7 ± 8.5*
	400 mg/L	75.3 ± 7.0*	82.5 ± 8.7*
2	1.56 mg/L	98.3 ± 7.4	97.4 ± 10.3
	3.12 mg/L	97.7 ± 7.7	98.8 ± 9.5
	6.25 mg/L	94.9 ± 8.1	98.4 ± 8.9
	12.5 mg/L	98.3 ± 6.5	98.6 ± 9.3
	25 mg/L	96.3 ± 6.9	97.4 ± 10.4
	50 mg/L	95.7 ± 8.0	96.5 ± 9.3
	100 mg/L	96.8 ± 7.8	96.3 ± 8.9
	200 mg/L	95.3 ± 7.5	95.3 ± 9.2
	400 mg/L	94.6 ± 6.3	94.8 ± 9.7
3	1.56 mg/L	98.3 ± 6.6	98.0 ± 8.9
	3.12 mg/L	97.7 ± 7.2	99.3 ± 8.6
	6.25 mg/L	98.0 ± 9.3	97.3 ± 10.3
	12.5 mg/L	95.8 ± 8.7	96.6 ± 9.4
	25 mg/L	96.2 ± 10.3	98.8 ± 8.5
	50 mg/L	96.0 ± 8.5	97.4 ± 8.7
	100 mg/L	97.1 ± 7.0	96.5 ± 9.0
	200 mg/L	96.4 ± 9.3	97.2 ± 10.5
	400 mg/L	94.2 ± 8.1	95.8 ± 9.6
4	1.56 mg/L	99.7 ± 8.9	98.3 ± 10.0
	3.12 mg/L	98.6 ± 7.9	98.6 ± 9.4
	6.25 mg/L	97.3 ± 8.0	98.4 ± 10.6
	12.5 mg/L	97.5 ± 9.6	97.3 ± 9.5
	25 mg/L	96.2 ± 9.1	95.5 ± 8.3
	50 mg/L	91.0 ± 8.3*	94.2 ± 8.6
	100 mg/L	85.6 ± 6.9*	87.8 ± 9.1*
	200 mg/L	63.6 ± 6.5*	72.9 ± 7.9*
	400 mg/L	57.2 ± 5.1*	62.1 ± 7.3*

* Statistically significant differences as compared to the control (−) group (p < 0.05). Values are means ± S.D.

Table 2. SCEs and MN frequencies in human lymphocytes after treatment with different boron compounds for 72 h.

Groups		SCEs/cell	MN/1000 cell
Control (−)		4.3 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 0.2
Control (+)		11.4 ± 1.6*	5.7 ± 0.7*
1	1.56 mg/L	4.0 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 0.2
	3.12 mg/L	4.4 ± 0.4	1.9 ± 0.3
	6.25 mg/L	4.2 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.2
	12.5 mg/L	3.5 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 0.3
	25 mg/L	4.1 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 0.2
	50 mg/L	4.0 ± 0.6	2.1 ± 0.3
	100 mg/L	4.4 ± 0.5	2.0 ± 0.2
	200 mg/L	4.5 ± 0.6	2.1 ± 0.3
	400 mg/L	4.6 ± 0.4	2.1 ± 0.3
2	1.56 mg/L	4.4 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.2
	3.12 mg/L	4.7 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.3
	6.25 mg/L	4.4 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.2
	12.5 mg/L	4.5 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.2
	25 mg/L	4.6 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 0.3
	50 mg/L	4.1 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 0.4
	100 mg/L	4.5 ± 0.5	2.0 ± 0.3
	200 mg/L	4.4 ± 0.3	2.2 ± 0.2
	400 mg/L	4.8 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 0.3
3	1.56 mg/L	4.0 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 0.3
	3.12 mg/L	3.7 ± 0.6	2.0 ± 0.4
	6.25 mg/L	4.1 ± 0.4	1.9 ± 0.3
	12.5 mg/L	3.8 ± 0.6	2.0 ± 0.3
	25 mg/L	3.6 ± 0.4	1.9 ± 0.2
	50 mg/L	4.5 ± 0.7	2.0 ± 0.3
	100 mg/L	4.4 ± 0.6	2.1 ± 0.3
	200 mg/L	4.6 ± 0.5	2.2 ± 0.4
	400 mg/L	4.6 ± 0.7	2.7 ± 0.5*
4	1.56 mg/L	4.4 ± 0.6	1.7 ± 0.2
	3.12 mg/L	4.5 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 0.3
	6.25 mg/L	4.6 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.2
	12.5 mg/L	4.2 ± 0.6	2.0 ± 0.2
	25 mg/L	4.4 ± 0.4	2.0 ± 0.3
	50 mg/L	4.4 ± 0.5	1.7 ± 0.2
	100 mg/L	4.6 ± 0.4	2.2 ± 0.4
	200 mg/L	4.6 ± 0.5	2.9 ± 0.4*
	400 mg/L	4.8 ± 0.4	3.5 ± 0.6*

* Statistically significant differences as compared to the control (−) group (p < 0.05). Values are means ± S.D.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analysed in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.