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Articles

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Premna integrifolia (L.) rich in polyphenols and evaluation of their antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity

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Pages 359-371 | Received 09 Oct 2018, Accepted 30 Jan 2019, Published online: 12 Feb 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1. Total phenol and flavonoid content in aqueous leaf extract of P. integrifolia. Note: Values are means ± SD (N = 3).

Figure 1. Total phenol and flavonoid content in aqueous leaf extract of P. integrifolia. Note: Values are means ± SD (N = 3).

Figure 2. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (a): P. integrifolia plant, aqueous silver nitrate solution (1), aqueous leaf extract (2), silver nanoparticles (AEP-AgNPs) (3); (b): UV-Vis spectra; (c): UV–Vis absorbance spectra peak of prepared AEP-AgNPs at different time intervals during sunlight exposure; (d): UV–Vis spectra of AEP-AgNPs prepared at different inoculum doses (%) of AEP; (e): UV–Vis spectra of AEP-AgNPs prepared at different silver nitrate concentrations (mmol/L).

Figure 2. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (a): P. integrifolia plant, aqueous silver nitrate solution (1), aqueous leaf extract (2), silver nanoparticles (AEP-AgNPs) (3); (b): UV-Vis spectra; (c): UV–Vis absorbance spectra peak of prepared AEP-AgNPs at different time intervals during sunlight exposure; (d): UV–Vis spectra of AEP-AgNPs prepared at different inoculum doses (%) of AEP; (e): UV–Vis spectra of AEP-AgNPs prepared at different silver nitrate concentrations (mmol/L).

Figure 3. FT-IR spectra of aqueous leaf extract of P. integrifolia (AEP) and AEP-AgNPs.

Figure 3. FT-IR spectra of aqueous leaf extract of P. integrifolia (AEP) and AEP-AgNPs.

Figure 4. X-ray diffraction pattern of synthesized AEP-AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of P. integrifolia.

Figure 4. X-ray diffraction pattern of synthesized AEP-AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of P. integrifolia.

Figure 5. HRTEM images of AEP-AgNPs at different magnifications (a and b), SAED pattern of AEP-AgNPs (c) and size distribution histogram (d).

Figure 5. HRTEM images of AEP-AgNPs at different magnifications (a and b), SAED pattern of AEP-AgNPs (c) and size distribution histogram (d).

Figure 6. HRSEM micrograph of AgNPs synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of P. integrifolia (a) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of AEP-AgNPs (b).

Figure 6. HRSEM micrograph of AgNPs synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of P. integrifolia (a) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of AEP-AgNPs (b).

Figure 7. AFM images of green synthesized AgNPs using P. integrifolia aqueous leaf extract: 2D (a) and 3D view (b) and roughness profile (c) of AEP-AgNPs.

Figure 7. AFM images of green synthesized AgNPs using P. integrifolia aqueous leaf extract: 2D (a) and 3D view (b) and roughness profile (c) of AEP-AgNPs.

Figure 8. Antioxidant (a), antimicrobial (b) and cytotoxic (c) activity of aqueous leaf extract (AEP) and silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of P. integrifolia.

Figure 8. Antioxidant (a), antimicrobial (b) and cytotoxic (c) activity of aqueous leaf extract (AEP) and silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of P. integrifolia.