Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of chitosan-based nanoparticles as CpG ODN carriers

Figures & data

Figure 1. Zeta potential of the chitosan nanoparticles and CpG ODN/chitosan nanoparticle conjugate. Note: Each sample was measured three times to obtain the average size and standard deviation (SD) values.

Figure 2. Chitosan nanoparticles observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (magnification 71,000×).

Table 1. Chitosan nanoparticle size as measured by dynamic light scattering methods.

	1st Peak (nm)		2nd Peak (nm)
Nanoparticles	Average	SD	Average	SD
Non-dialyzed	6.5	0.8	73.6	17.6
Dialysed	970.3	241.2
Dialysed filtered	196.9	29.2	1331.2	355.3

Note. Each sample was measured three times to obtain the average size and standard deviation (SD) values.

Figure 3. Cytotoxicity assay of chitosan nanoparticles in murine macrophage RAW-Blue cells. Note: Cells incubated without chitosan nanoparticles were used as a control.

Figure 4. NF-κB/AP-1 activation in murine RAW-blue cells with the CpG ODN/chitosan nanoparticle conjugate. Note: Data are presented as mean values with SD (n = 6); NP, chitosan nanoparticles.

Figure 5. IL-6 (a) and IFN-γ (b) induction in human PBMCs stimulated with chitosan nanoparticles. Note: The level of induction of each cytokine was measured with three different lots of chitosan nanoparticles. Data are presented as mean values with SD (n = 5). ^#IL-6 production level is lower than 313 pg/mL. NP, chitosan nanoparticles.