Novel composite biosorbent from Bacillus cereus for heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions

Figures & data

Figure 1. Removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) from aqueous solutions by different composite biosorbents.

Figure 2. Effect of pH on the Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) removal from aqueous solutions by composite biosorbent B.c/AC/ALG.

Figure 3. Effect of biosorbent dosage on the Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) removal from aqueous solutions by composite biosorbent B.c/AC/ALG.

Figure 4. Effect of initial metal ion concentration on the Pb(II) removal (a), Cd(II) removal (b) and Hg(II) removal (c) from aqueous solutions by composite biosorbent B.c/AC/ALG.

Figure 5. Effect of desorption on the Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) removal from aqueous solutions by composite biosorbent B.c/AC/ALG (a) and control sample free biosorbent B.c/FB (b).

Table 1. Langmuir and Freundlich constants.

Constants	Pb(II)	Cd(II)	Hg(II)
Langmuir model
qmax, mg/g	82.17	66.32	51.49
b, L/mg	0.1520	0.1087	0.0698
R^2	0.9994	0.9980	0.9974
Freundlich model
KF	10.35	8.36	3.47
N	1.63	1.86	1.85
R^2	0.9656	0.9840	0.9769

Table 2. Biosorption of Pb(II) onto bacterial sorbents belonging to genus Bacillus.

Biomass	Type of the biosorbent	Biosorption conditions	qmax, mg g^−1	Ref.
Bacillus cereus	Heat inactivated free biomass	C0 = 5–100 mg L^−1; pH = 5.5; W = 1 g L^−1; teq = 24 h, 298 K	36.71	[45]
Bacillus drentensis MG21831T	Heat inactivated immobilized in polysulfone	C0 = 0.01–100 mg L^−1; W = 40 g L^−1; teq = 7.33 h; 293 K	0.33	[46]
Bacillus thuringiensis OSM29	Heat inactivated free biomass	C0 = 25–150 mg L^−1; pH = 6.0; W = 1 g L^−1; teq = 0.5 h; 305 K	30.76	[47]
Bacillus licheniformis	Living cells immobilized in magnetic polyvinyl alcohol with alginate	C0 = 75–600 mg L^−1; pH = 6.0; W = 0.7 g L^−1; teq = 12 h, 303 K	113.84	[24]
Bacillus cereus M16	Living cells immobilized in alginate	C0 = 75–600 mg L^−1; pH = 6.0; W = 0.7 g L^−1; teq = 12 h, 303 K	–	[38]
Bacillus cereus B.c/AC/ALG	Heat inactivated co-immobilized with activated carbon in alginate	C0 = 10–100 mg L^−1; pH = 5.0; W = 2 g L^−1; teq = 2 h, 298 K	82.17	This study

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