Expression of dehydrin and antioxidant genes and enzymatic antioxidant defense under drought stress in wild relatives of wheat

Figures & data

Table 1. Specifications, genetic formula and sampling area of the wild wheat species belonging to the Triticeae genus, Aegilops and Triticum, in this study.

Species	Genomic formula	Province	Sampling location
T. aestivum (landrace)	AABBDD	West Azerbaijan	Urmia
T. boeoticum	A^b A^b	East Azarbaijan	Ahar-Kalibr road
Ae. tauschii	DD	Gilan	Astara
Ae. umbellulata	UU	Ilam	Dehloran
Ae. crassa	MMDD	Lorestan	Delfan-e Sanjabi
Ae. neglecta	UUMM	Ilam	Maneshtkoh region
Sirvan (T. aestivum, reference cultivar)	AABBDD	Alborz	Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII)
Darya (T. aestivum, reference cultivar)	AABBDD	Alborz	Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII)

Table 2. Sequences of primers used for real-time PCR.

Gene	Direction	Sequences (5′-3′)
Wdhn13	Fa	GCG TCG TCG AGA ACA TCA AG
	R^b	ACT TCC CGT AGT TGC CAT CG
SOD reference [26]	F	CAG AGG GTG CTG CTT TAC AA
	R	GGT CAC AAG AGG GTC CTG AT
GXP	F	CCC CCT GTA CAA GTT CCT GA
	R	GTC AAC AAC GTG ACC CTC CT
APX	F	GCA GCT GCT GAA GGA GAA GT
	R	CAC TGG GGC CAC TCA CTA AT
Actin	F	GCC CCT AGC AGC ATG AAG AT
	R	GCA CTT CCT GTG GAC AAT GG

^aForward, ^bReverse.

Figure 1. Relative expression level of the Wdhn13 gene in the different species belonging to the Triticeae genus along with two tolerant (Sirvan) and sensitive (Darya) reference cultivars under well-watered (FC = 100%) and drought-stressed (FC= 25%) conditions. Values are means with standard error of the means (S.E.M.) and different letters indicate a significant difference at p ≤ 0.01.

Table 3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the relative expression of Wdhn13, the antioxidant genes, and the enzyme activity in the different species belonging to the Triticeae genus under the well-watered (FC = 100 %) and drought-stressed (FC = 25 %) conditions.

Source of variation	Degrees of freedom	Mean of square (MS)
		Relative gene expression				Enzyme activity
		SOD	GPX	APX	Wdhn13	SOD	GPX	APX
Replication	3	4.14	0.17	13.35	1.67	245.4	447.5	2.27
Drought	1	328.6**	1406.5**	2328.67**	52.76**	23028**	2902.5**	3.9**
Species	7	103.7**	27.07**	92.6**	13.42*	757.2**	446.4**	2.15**
Drought × Species	7	85.7**	25.22**	82.05**	1.54ns	1301.6**	488.2**	3.97**
Error	45	2.23	1.4	5.15	1.59	7.52	10.8	0.061

ns, non-significant; * and **: significant at 0.05 and 0.01, respectively.

Figure 2. Relative expression level of the antioxidant genes (a), the antioxidant enzyme activity (b) in the well-watered (FC = 100%) and drought-stressed (FC = 25%) conditions in the different species belonging to the Triticeae genus. Values are means with standard error of the means (S.E.M.) and different letters indicate a significant difference at p ≤ 0.01.

Figure 3. Relative expression of SOD (a), APX (b), GPX (c) gene in the different species belonging to the Triticeae genus along with two tolerant (Sirvan) and sensitive (Darya) reference cultivars under the well-watered (FC = 100%) and drought-stressed (FC = 25%) conditions. Values are means with standard error of the means (S.E.M.) and different letters indicate a significant difference at p ≤ 0.01.

Figure 4. Changes in the leaf total protein content in the different species belonging to the Triticeae genus along with two tolerant (Sirvan) and sensitive (Darya) reference cultivars under well-watered (FC = 100%) and drought-stressed (FC = 25%) conditions.

Figure 5. Changes in APX (a), SOD (b) and GPX (c) enzyme in the different species belonging to the Triticeae genus along with two tolerant (Sirvan) and sensitive (Darya) reference cultivars under well-watered (FC = 100%) and drought-stressed (FC = 25%) conditions. Values are means with standard error of the means (S.E.M.) and different letters indicate a significant difference at p ≤ 0.01.

Baek KH, Skinner DZ. Alteration of antioxidant enzyme gene expression during cold acclimation of near-isogenic wheat lines. Plant Sci. 2003;165:1221–1227.

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