Prevalence of thyroid disorders and associated risk factors with various glycemic status in North China

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic information and clinical data of study population.

	Normal group (n = 1480)	Pre-DM group (n = 6386)	DM group (n = 2994)	P
Female, n (%)	890 (60.14)	3815 (59.74)	1718 (57.38)	0.068
Age	51.67 ± 8.61	55.13 ± 8.66	57.70 ± 8.57	0.000**
TD, n (%)	120 (8.11)	861 (13.48)	478 (15.97)	0.000**
SCH, n (%)	95 (6.42)	751 (11.76)	421 (14.06)	0.000**
FPG (mmol/L)	5.18 ± 0.30	5.74 ± 0.50	8.29 ± 2.96	0.000**
2 h-PPG (mmol/L)	5.92 ± 1.14	7.36 ± 1.75	14.77 ± 5.53	0.000**
HbA1c (%)	5.37 ± 0.23	5.82 ± 0.31	7.39 ± 1.83	0.000**
FT3 (pmol/L)	4.92 ± 0.77	4.99 ± 1.43	4.93 ± 1.15	0.005**
FT4 (pmol/L)	16.39 ± 2.39	16.63 ± 3.14	16.92 ± 2.95	0.000**
TSH (mIU/L)	2.80 ± 3.11	2.86 ± 3.59	2.83 ± 3.92	0.599
TG (mmol/L)	1.22 ± 1.01	1.39 ± 1.02	1.88 ± 1.79	0.000**
CHOL (mmol/L)	4.79 ± 1.02	5.10 ± 1.12	5.34 ± 1.25	0.000**
HDL (mmol/L)	1.46 ± 0.35	1.45 ± 0.36	1.38 ± 0.35	0.000**
LDL (mmol/L)	2.76 ± 0.80	3.02 ± 0.88	3.19 ± 0.96	0.000**
Crea	64.01 ± 24.92	65.23 ± 18.68	68.40 ± 15.64	0.000**
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.41 ± 3.83	25.13 ± 3.65	25.84 ± 3.75	0.000**
WHR	0.90 ± 0.12	0.91 ± 0.26	0.92 ± 0.17	0.000**
SBP (mmHg)	135.25 ± 21.59	140.43 ± 22.17	146.21 ± 23.21	0.000**
DBP (mmHg)	80.07 ± 12.29	82.22 ± 12.75	83.18 ± 12.63	0.000**
PR (c.p.m.)	76.13 ± 11.70	78.58 ± 15.48	83.00 ± 14.15	0.000**

Note: Data are presented as mean values ± SD and n (%).

^* P < 0.05.

^** P < 0.01 (analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test).

BMI, body mass index; CCVD, cardio-cerebrovascular disease; CHOL, cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; 2 h-PPG, 2-h postprandial glucose; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PR, pulse rate; Pre-DM, prediabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCH, subclinical hypothyroidism; TD, thyroid disorders; TG, triglyceride; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; WHR, waist–hip ratio.

Table 2. Characteristics of diabetic patients with/without thyroid disorders.

	No thyroid disorder (n = 2516)	Thyroid disorders (n = 478)	P
Age	57.53 ± 8.54	58.68 ± 8.71	0.009**
Female, n(%)	1368 (54.37)	350 (73.27)	0.000**
FT3 (pmol/L)	4.89 ± 0.66	5.17 ± 2.37	0.031*
FT4 (pmol/L)	16.95 ± 2.07	16.18 ± 4.63	0.000**
TSH (mIU/L)	2.12 ± 0.91	6.62 ± 8.64	0.000**
TG (mmol/L)	1.88 ± 1.84	1.87 ± 1.63	0.630
CHOL (mmol/L)	5.35 ± 1.25	5.3 ± 1.23	0.637
HDL (mmol/L)	1.38 ± 0.35	1.35 ± 0.35	0.133
LDL (mmol/L)	3.19 ± 0.95	3.17 ± 1.01	0.574
FPG (mmol/L)	8.31 ± 2.97	7.91 ± 2.53	0.007**
2 h-PPG (mmol/L)	14.83 ± 5.46	14.49 ± 5.89	0.312
HbA1c (%)	7.36 ± 1.77	7.71 ± 1.76	0.000**
Crea	67.44 ± 12	65.4 ± 11.33	0.001**
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.23 ± 104.2	26.27 ± 5.89	0.347
WHR	0.92 ± 0.19	0.91 ± 0.06	0.236
SBP (mmHg)	145.82 ± 22.86	147.32 ± 23.9	0.216
DBP (mmHg)	83.03 ± 12.47	83.55 ± 12.79	0.670
PR (c.p.m.)	82.71 ± 14	83.56 ± 13.85	0.169
CCVD (%)	26.50	34.12	0.01*

Note: Data are presented as mean values ± SD and n (%).

^* P < 0.05.

^** P < 0.01(analyzed by the independent sample’s t-test and χ² test).

BMI, body mass index; CCVD, cardio-cerebrovascular disease; CHOL, cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; 2 h-PPG, 2-h postprandial glucose; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PR, pulse rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCH, subclinical hypothyroidism; TG, triglyceride; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; WHR, waist–hip ratio.

Table 3. Characteristics of prediabetic patients with/without thyroid disorders.

	No thyroid disorder (n = 5525)	Thyroid disorder (n = 861)	P
Age	55.04 ± 8.71	55.68 ± 8.39	0.033*
Female, n(%)	3152 (57.05)	663 (76.99)	0.000**
FT3 (pmol/L)	5.01 ± 1.33	4.86 ± 1.90	0.000**
FT4 (pmol/L)	16.78 ± 3.09	15.16 ± 3.01	0.000**
TSH (mIU/L)	2.12 ± 0.93	6.91 ± 7.71	0.000**
TG (mmol/L)	1.39 ± 1.04	1.40 ± 0.90	0.954
CHOL (mmol/L)	5.10 ± 1.12	5.14 ± 1.11	0.224
HDL (mmol/L)	1.45 ± 0.36	1.45 ± 0.36	0.982
LDL (mmol/L)	3.02 ± 0.88	3.05 ± 0.88	0.296
FPG (mmol/L)	5.75 ± 0.50	5.69 ± 0.50	0.001**
2 h-PPG (mmol/L)	7.36 ± 1.75	7.38 ± 1.74	0.735
HbA1c (%)	5.82 ± 0.31	5.87 ± 0.30	0.000**
Crea	65.52 ± 19.73	63.61 ± 11.06	0.003**
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.13 ± 3.67	25.16 ± 3.56	0.842
WHR	0.91 ± 0.29	0.90 ± 0.07	0.116
SBP (mmHg)	140.26 ± 22.17	141.34 ± 22.19	0.165
DBP (mmHg)	82.23 ± 12.81	82.15 ± 12.45	0.852
PR (c.p.m.)	78.61 ± 15.94	78.40 ± 12.62	0.691
CCVD (%)	15.86	16.60	0.564

Note: Data are presented as mean values ± SD and n (%).

^* P < 0.05.

^** P < 0.01(analyzed by the independent sample’s t-test and χ² test).

BMI, body mass index; CCVD, cardio-cerebrovascular disease; CHOL, cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; 2 h-PPG, 2-h postprandial glucose; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PR, pulse rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCH, subclinical hypothyroidism; TG, triglyceride; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; WHR, waist–hip ratio.

Table 4. Risk factors for thyroid disorders.

	Risk factors	OR value	95% CI		P
			Lower bound	Upper bound
DM group	Gender	2.654	2.026	3.478	0.000**
	Age	1.016	1.004	1.028	0.009**
	HDL	0.562	0.388	0.815	0.002**
Pre-DM group	Gender	2.394	1.968	2.914	0.000**
	Age	1.013	1.003	1.024	0.008**
Normal group	Gender	1.911	1.117	3.271	0.018*
	FBG	2.635	1.176	5.904	0.019*
	2 h-PPG	0.799	0.660	0.967	0.021*
	HbA1c	4.881	1.394	17.086	0.013*

^* P < 0.05.

^** P < 0.01 (analyzed by the multiple logistic regression test).

DM, diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; 2 h-PPG, 2-h postprandial glucose; Pre-DM, prediabetes mellitus.