Evaluation of the relationship of CPITN and DMFT index of adult patients in Turkey with their demographic characteristics: an epidemiological study

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of subjects.

Variable	Categories (n)	Percent (%)	Mean ± SD^a	p value
Total sample	9500	100.0
Gender				<0.001
Female	4932	51.9
Male	4568	48.1
Age (years)			31.63 ± 10.21	<0.001
18–30	4045	42.6
31–43	3334	35.1
44–56	1722	18.1
57–69	378	4.0
70–82	21	0.2
Education level				<0.001
None (pre-school)	419	4.4
Elementary school	1967	20.7
Middle school	1276	13.4
Secondary school	2937	30.9
University	2646	27.9
PhD or above	255	2.7

The data were analyzed using χ² test, p < 0.05.

^a Standard deviation.

Table 2. Prevalence of subjects by highest CPITN score.

		Periodontal status percentage of subjects (N)
Variable		Healthy periodontium (CPITN 0)	Bleeding on probing (CPITN 1)	Calculus (CPITN 2)	Shallow pockets (CPITN 3)	Deep pockets (CPITN 4)	p value
Total sample	9500	10 (950)	36.29 (3448)	36.24 (3443)	15.15 (1439)	2.32 (220)
Gender	Female	10.93 (539)	40.63 (2004)	37.08 (1829)	10.24 (505)	1.12 (55)	<0.001
	Male	9 (411)	31.61 (1444)	35.33 (1614)	20.45 (934)	3.61 (165)
Age (years)	18–30	16.34 (661)	45.69 (1848)	31.55 (1276)	6.06 (245)	0 (15)	<0.001
	31–43	7.35 (254)	34.19 (1140)	32.33 (1078)	23.61 (787)	2.25 (75)
	44–56	2.03 (35)	21.20 (365)	57.43 (989)	12.31 (212)	7.03 (121)
	57–69	0	19.84 (75)	26.19 (99)	51.59 (195)	2.38 (9)
	70–82	0	95.24 (20)	4.76 (1)	0	0
Education level	None (pre-school)	7.16 (30)	34.61 (145)	43.91 (184)	8.35 (35)	5.97 (25)	<0.001
	Elementary school	5.49 (108)	33.50 (659)	39.55 (778)	15.1 (297)	6.35 (125)
	Middle school	4.31 (55)	30.64 (391)	44.04 (562)	19.83 (253)	1.18 (15)
	Secondary school	12.94 (380)	37.79 (1110)	28.87 (848)	19.03 (559)	1.36 (40)
	University	12.93 (342)	39.98 (1058)	35.94 (951)	10.77 (285)	0 (10)
	PhD or above	13.73 (35)	33.33 (85)	47.06 (120)	3.92 (10)	1.96 (5)

The data were analyzed using χ² tests, p < 0.05.

Table 3. Prevalence of sextants of demographic characteristics by CPITN score.

Variable		Sextants	Healthy periodontium (0) (%)	Bleeding on probing (1) (%)	Calculus (2) (%)	Shallow pockets (3) (%)	Deep pockets (4) (%)	p value
Gender	Female	1. Sextant	38.99	37.79	19.57	3.45	0.20	<0.001
		2. Sextant	62.55	28.75	7.30	1.00	0.41
		3. Sextant	36.39	39.52	21.35	2.64	0.10
		4. Sextant	35.08	45.26	16.63	2.63	0.41
		5. Sextant	14.40	52.01	28.53	4.56	0.51
		6. Sextant	38.42	44.95	15.31	1.00	0.41
	Male	1. Sextant	38.24	31.76	22.99	6.90	0.11
		2. Sextant	38.20	41.09	16.86	3.31	1.00
		3. Sextant	30.98	35.93	26.75	6.24	0.11
		4. Sextant	36.89	34.22	22.66	6.23	0
		5. Sextant	14.01	43.02	39.25	3.40	0.33
		6. Sextant	36.78	35.31	23.75	4.05	0.11
Age (years)	18–30	1. Sextant	45.24	38.6	12.86	3.21	0	<0.001
		2. Sextant	58.47	36.96	3.09	1.38	0.1
		3. Sextant	41.04	41.41	16.69	0.74	0.12
		4. Sextant	45.61	40.42	10.88	2.97	0.12
		5. Sextant	18.91	52.29	25.09	3.71	0
		6. Sextant	45.12	41.03	13.10	0.59	0.15
	31–43	1. Sextant	32.06	35.84	24.30	7.65	0.14
		2. Sextant	48.11	31.20	18.45	1.5	0.75
		3. Sextant	30.86	37.19	27.29	4.35	0.30
		4. Sextant	26.96	41.99	22.95	4.65	0.45
		5. Sextant	9.30	50.81	33.89	5.58	0.42
		6. Sextant	26.82	44.54	23.40	4.65	0.60
	44–56	1. Sextant	36.12	30.78	27.58	4.07	1.16
		2. Sextant	44.54	34.26	15.10	4.94	1.17
		3. Sextant	24.22	29.33	38.91	6.97	0.58
		4. Sextant	26.54	39.49	26.13	5.92	1.70
		5. Sextant	15.68	31.71	49.07	1.80	1.75
		6. Sextant	22.47	35.13	39.78	1.74	0.87
	57–69	1. Sextant	28.84	10.32	51.59	7.94	1.32
		2. Sextant	22.22	42.06	34.39	1.32	0
		3. Sextant	20.90	35.71	15.61	26.46	1.48
		4. Sextant	21.16	23.54	5.02	44.97	3.97
		5. Sextant	1.33	41.01	50.02	5.29	2.38
		6. Sextant	27.51	54.23	11.64	6.62	0
	70–82	1. Sextant	38.10	47.62	9.52	4.76	0
		2. Sextant	33.33	38.10	19.05	14.29	0
		3. Sextant	19.05	42.85	23.81	9.52	4.76
		4. Sextant	4.76	47.62	28.57	14.28	4.76
		5. Sextant	0	47.62	47.62	4.76	0
		6. Sextant	0	42.86	33.33	14.29	9.52
		6. Sextant	41.95	41.61	12.09	4.34	0

The data were analyzed using χ² tests, p < 0.05.

Table 4. CPITN scores per sextant according to education levels.

Education level (variable)	Sextants	Healthy periodontium (0) (%)	Bleeding on probing (1) (%)	Calculus (2) (%)	Shallow pockets (3) (%)	Deep pockets (4) (%)	p value
None (pre-school)	1. Sextant	47.73	28.41	15.51	5.97	2.39	<0.001
	2. Sextant	41.53	40.57	10.74	2.39	4.77
	3. Sextant	36.75	32.22	26.23	3.58	1.19
	4. Sextant	40.33	35.80	14.32	4.77	4.77
	5. Sextant	13.12	32.21	45.11	5.97	3.58
	6. Sextant	34.61	37.95	17.90	5.01	4.53
Elementary school	1. Sextant	31.27	40.97	20.08	7.42	0.51
	2. Sextant	45.60	28.42	22.37	3.10	0.51
	3. Sextant	25.78	39.15	29.49	5.59	0
	4. Sextant	30.05	40.47	27.71	1.53	0.25
	5. Sextant	10.17	30.20	39.81	18.05	2.29
	6. Sextant	28.78	40.68	27.25	2.75	0.56
Middle school	1. Sextant	26.41	37.23	32.52	3.84	0
	2. Sextant	42.01	30.96	24.29	2.27	0.47
	3. Sextant	20.45	38.01	31.35	9.52	0.78
	4. Sextant	14.58	41.76	30.25	11.76	1.10
	5. Sextant	13.32	43.10	32.99	9.80	0.77
	6. Sextant	26.33	30.64	32.05	9.48	1.49
Secondary school	1. Sextant	45.22	32.31	16.68	5.69	0.10
	2. Sextant	45.39	43.75	8.34	2.01	0.51
	3. Sextant	44.60	28.50	22.34	4.12	0.37
	4. Sextant	40.89	31.87	19.03	7.76	0.27
	5. Sextant	18.39	46.98	29.01	5.24	0.38
	6. Sextant	46.95	33.67	17.51	1.74	0.14
University	1. Sextant	43.27	31.97	20.03	4.35	0
	2. Sextant	58.24	34.77	5.48	1.51	0
	3. Sextant	31.93	41.80	24.57	1.52	0.19
	4. Sextant	41.76	49.17	8.13	0.94	0
	5. Sextant	16.82	50.49	28.34	4.35	0
	6. Sextant	41.95	41.61	12.09	4.34	0
PhD or above	1. Sextant	37.26	31.38	29.41	0	0
	2. Sextant	88.24	11.76	3.14	0.78	0
	3. Sextant	39.61	34.91	23.53	1.96	0
	4. Sextant	43.13	27.46	26.66	2.75	0
	5. Sextant	23.53	62.75	11.76	1.56	0.40
	6. Sextant	45.09	28.63	21.96	3.14	1.16

The data were analyzed using χ² tests, p < 0.05.

Table 5. Mean DMFT according to demographic characteristics.

Variable			DT ± SD	p value	MT ± SD	p value	FT ± SD	p value	DMFT	p value
Total sample	9500		2.30 ± 2.04		2.87 ± 3.80		1.56 ± 1.94		6.72 ± 4.21
Gender	Female		2.58 ± 2.23	<0.001	2.38 ± 3.36	<0.001	1.68 ± 2.10	<0.001	6.64 ± 3.94	<0.001
	Male		2.00 ± 1.75		3.40 ± 4.15		1.42 ± 1.74		6.82 ± 4.49
Age (years)	18–30		2.66 ± 2.41	<0.001	0.96 ± 1.33	<0.001	1.57 ± 2.03	<0.001	5.18 ± 3.13	<0.001
	31–43		2.09 ± 1.78		2.63 ± 2.88		1.88 ± 2.11		6.60 ± 3.89
	44–56		2.06 ± 1.47		6.47 ± 5.04		1.11 ± 1.23		9.64 ± 4.84
	57–69		1.49 ± 1.12		8.78 ± 4.07		0.65 ± 1.28		10.92 ± 4.19
	70–82		1.00 ± 0.73		8.62 ± 5.30		0.52 ± 0.51		9.14 ± 4.79
Education level	None (pre-school)		2.11 ± 1.76	<0.001	6.98 ± 5.32	<0.001	1.42 ± 2.38	<0.001	10.52 ± 5.25	<0.001
	Elementary school		1.79 ± 1.50		4.61 ± 4.15		1.71 ± 1.87		8.09 ± 4.44
	Middle school		2.70 ± 2.35		4.28 ± 5.28		1.59 ± 1.75		8.57 ± 4.85
	Secondary school		2.55 ± 1.97		1.74 ± 2.47		1.49 ± 1.89		5.78 ± 3.38
	University		2.34 ± 2.27		1.56 ± 2.09		1.51 ± 2.04		5.42 ± 3.28
	PhD or above		1.42 ± 1.06		1.54 ± 2.08		1.87 ± 2.10		5.12 ± 4.08

The data were analyzed using χ² tests, p < 0.05. SD: standard deviation.

Table 6. Multivariate regression analysis of mean DMFT and CPITN values by demographic characteristics.

Variable		CPITN (95% C.I)	p value	DMFT (95% C.I.)	p value
Gender	Female (ref.)			.
	Male	1.39 (1.33–1.45)	<0.001***	1.01 (1.00–1.02)	0.039*
Age (years)	18–30	1.52 (0.88–2.63)	0.187	0.76 (0.69–0.83)	0.001**
	31–43	2.87 (1.66–4.97)	<0.001***	0.86 (0.78–0.94)	0.003**
	44–56	3.73 (2.16–6.47)	<0.001***	1.02 (0.93–1.12)	0.639
	57–69	5.66 (3.24–9.90)	<0.001***	1.07 (0.98–1.18)	0.061
	70–82(ref.)
Education levels	None (pre-school)	1.33 (1.13–1.58)	0.001**	1.36 (1.31–1.42)	<0.001***
	Elementary school	1.53 (1.32–1.77)	<0.001***	1.24 (1.19–1.29)	<0.001***
	Middle school	1.52 (1.31–1.76)	<0.001***	1.26 (1.21–1.32)	<0.001***
	Secondary school	1.14 (1.00–1.32)	0.082	1.06 (1.02–1.10)	0.012*
	University	0.98 (0.85–1.13)	0.809	1.02 (0.99–1.07)	0.173
	PhD or above(ref.)

Community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) and decayed, missing, filled permanent tooth (DMFT): crude odds ratio; adjusted for sex, age and education levels.

The p values are marked as statistically significant. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.