Anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides obtained from Leucocalocybe mongolica using solid-state fermentation

Figures & data

Table 1. Effects of Leucocalocybe mongolica polysaccharides on tumor weight and relative organ indices in H22 tumor-bearing mice.

Groups	Dose (mg/kg)	Tumor weight (g)	Inhibitory rate (%)	Organ index (%)
				Thymus	Spleen
NG				2.36 ± 0.47*	4.17 ± 0.82**
MG		1.44 ± 0.49		1.83 ± 0.29	10.19 ± 1.83^##
PG	25	0.21 ± 0.14**	85.42	1.27 ± 0.49*^##	5.27 ± 1.51**
LD	100	0.51 ± 0.47**	64.58	2.17 ± 0.44	8.85 ± 2.32^##
MD	200	0.39 ± 0.24**	72.92	2.43 ± 0.60*	8.56 ± 3.81^##
HD	300	0.32 ± 0.26**	77.78	2.49 ± 0.49**	7.13 ± 2.80^**##

NG, non-tumor-bearing mice group; MG, tumor-bearing mice that received saline solution; PG, positive control, received 25 mg/kg body weight of CTX; LD, low dose, received 100 mg/kg body weight of polysaccharide extract from L. mongolica (LMPs); MD, medium dose, received 200 mg/kg body weight of LMPs; HD, high dose, received 300 mg/kg body weight of LMPs.

Values are expressed as the means ± SD (n = 10).

* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01 vs. the model group (MG); ^# p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.05 vs. the normal group (NG).

Table 2. Effect of treatment with Leucocalocybe mongolica polysaccharides on serum cytokine and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in H22 tumor-bearing mice.

Groups	IL-2	IL-6	TNF-α	IFN-γ	VEGF
NG	347.07 ± 48.31	53.81 ± 13.95	80.06 ± 9.00	78.13 ± 17.71	101.85 ± 10.88**
MG	322.90 ± 42.78	50.09 ± 9.66	75.63 ± 13.75	73.27 ± 16.35	161.96 ± 17.10^##
PG	296.79 ± 13.22^#	48.35 ± 8.32	79.19 ± 8.42	54.50 ± 13.50^#	111.91 ± 16.83**
LD	327.77 ± 51.95	49.88 ± 17.20	84.91 ± 8.16	93.23 ± 22.95	137.62 ± 11.45^**##
MD	364.80 ± 52.98*	56.45 ± 10.08	86.59 ± 13.43*	127.07 ± 29.32^**##	128.13 ± 11.74^**##
HD	386.50 ± 50.10**	64.35 ± 10.53*	97.93 ± 12.84^**##	137.60 ± 36.72^**##	104.88 ± 13.30**

Values are expressed as the means ± SD (n = 10).

* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01 vs. the model group (MG); ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01 vs. the normal group (NG).

Figure 1. Histological examination of the morphological changes in tumors derived from H22-bearing mice. MG, tumor-bearing mice that received saline solution; PG, positive control, received 25 mg/kg body weight of CTX; LD, low dose, received 100 mg/kg body weight of polysaccharide extract from Leucocalocybe mongolica (LMPs); MD, medium dose, received 200 mg/kg body weight of LMPs; HD, high dose, received 300 mg/kg body weight of LMPs. Tumor tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (magnification, 400×) (A) and subjected to the TUNEL assay (magnification, 400×) (B, C). All data are presented as means ± SD (n = 10). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the model group. Scale bar =50 μm.

Figure 2. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues and the stained area of the tumor tissues. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 10). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared to the model group. Scale bar =50 μm.

Figure 3. Relative protein expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cytochrome C (Cyt-c), caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor tissues. β-actin was used as a control. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 10). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with the model group.