Astragalus glycyphyllos L.: antiviral activity and tablet dosage formulation of a standardized dry extract

Figures & data

Table 1. Toxicity (cell viability) and cell protection by DEAG and Acyclovir (ACV) added simultaneously with and 1 h after the inoculation of the MDBK cell monolayer with SvHA1 (F strain) and SvHA2 (DD strain).

Sample	Cell viability		Cell protection
			Test sample added simultaneously with inoculation of cell monolayer				Test sample added 1 h after inoculation of cell monolayer
			SvHA1 (F)		SvHA2 (DD)		SvHA1 (F)		SvHA2 (DD)
	MNC^a (mg/mL)	CC50^a^,^b (mg/mL)	EC50^a^,^b (mg/mL)	SI^c	EC50^a,^b (mg/mL)	SI^c	EC50^a,^b (mg/mL)	SI^c	EC50^a,^b (mg/mL)	SI^c
DEAG	0.6	2.5225 (±0.409)	0.363 (±0.06)	6.95	0.385 (±0.019)	6.55	0.4 (±0.056)	6.31	0.268 (±0.074)	9.41
ACV	0.0312	0.341 (±0.02)	0.00103 (±0.04)	331.07	n.d.^d	n.d.^d	0.00123 (±0.090)	277.23	n.d.^d	n.d.^d

^a The results are expressed as the mean value of thriplicate experiments.

^b The parentheses represented ± S.E.M.

^c SI was the ratio of CC₅₀ to EC₅₀.

^d n.d., not detected.

Incubation period 120 h.

Figure 1. Antiviral activity of DEAG according to an MTT-based colorimetric assay. Virus replication inhibition when DEAG was added simultaneously with the inoculation of a MDBK cell monolayer with SvHA1 (F strain) (

), with SvHA2 (DD strain) (

) and 1 h after the inoculation of a cell monolayer with SvHA1 (F strain) (

), with SvHA2 (DD strain) (

); of ACV added simultaneously with the inoculation of an MDBK cell monolayer with SvHA1 (F strain) (

), with HuAHV2 (DD strain) (

) and 1 h after the inoculation of a cell monolayer with SvHA1 (F strain) (

), with SvHA2 (DD strain) (

). Incubation was 120 h. Data are mean values ± SD from triplicate experiments.

Figure 2. Combined effects of acyclovir and DEAG on the replication of SvHA type 1 in MDBK cells. Acyclovir and DEAG were added 1 h after inoculation of the virus into the cell monolayer, and the inhibition % was determined following incubation for 120 h.

Table 2. Composition of the model tablets (mg/per tablet).

Model	Extract	Microcrystalline cellulose	Lactose monohydrate	Talc	Magnesium stearate
I	150	150	43	5.25	1.75
II	150	120	73	5.25	1.75
III	150	73	120	5.25	1.75
IV	150	43	150	5.25	1.75

Figure 3. Disintegration time (a) and mechanical strength (b) of tablets containing DEAG.

Figure 4. Appearance of the model tablets IV (a) and in vitro release profile of the active compound from the developed tablets (b). Data are mean values ± SD from 3 replicates. Model tablets IV: 150 md DEAG, 43 mg microcrystalline cellulose, 150 mg lactose monohydrate, 5.25 talc and 1.75 magnesium stearate.

Data availability statement

The experimental data supporting this study are freely available from the corresponding author (I.K.) upon reasonable request.