https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8156-0899
Figures & data
Table 1. Hand rub tolerability evaluation format.
Figure 1. Skin evaluation before and after the hand rubs applications.
Table 2. Improved skin integrity after the hand rubs trial.
Figure 2. Volunteers’ assessment of skin integrity behaviour after 5 min of application.
Figure 3. Acceptability assessment of the formulated disinfectants after the skin trial.
Table 3. Ingredients and content of evaluated hand rubs.
Figure 4. Phase-contrast microscopy illustrating the HGFs phenotype after exposure to different concentrations of hydroglycolic extracts for 24 h.
Figure 5. Dose-response curve of the HGFs after 24 h of culture with the hydroglycolic extracts.
Figure 6. Scratch assay showing the wound healing behaviour of HGFs at different periods. (A) Micrographs depicting the cellular migration reached at specific culture times. The horizontal white lines highlight the width of wound reduction during cell growth with the experimental treatments. (B) Quantitative wound coverage evaluation of scratch distance analysis during 24 h of hydroglycolic treatments. The *, **, @, #, ##, ### and #### showed significant differences.
Figure 7. RAW 264.7 cellular morphology after 5 min of exposure with each experimental hand rub disinfectant formulation.
Figure 8. MTT assay showing the RAW 264.7 viability under each hand rub formulated disinfectant after 5 min.
Figure 9. Antibacterial activity of the formulated disinfectant hand rubs. The full bars show the performance of freshly prepared disinfectants and the dashed bars after six months. Ceftriaxone (50 µg/mL) was used as a positive control. The *, #, and @ indicate significant differences.
Data availability statement
All data that supports the findings reported in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.