Figures & data
Table 1. Characteristics of EYPC/chol (4/1, mol/mol) liposomes modified with MGlu-aquaβ.
Figure 1. TNF-α secretion from DC2.4 cells treated with MGlu-Aquaβ-modified liposomes and TLR4 inhibition assay. DC2.4 cells were pre-incubated with or without TAK-242 (TLR4 signal inhibitor, 5 μmol/L). After 1 h incubation, the cells were treated with MGlu-Aquaβ-modified liposomes for 24 h (lipid concentration: 0.2 mmol/L). TNF-α in cell culture supernatants was measured using ELISA. OL-NE, non-extruded and OVA-loaded liposomes. OL-1000, OL-400, OL-200, OVA-loaded liposomes extruded through polycarbonate membranes of 1000, 400 or 200 nm pore sizes. Results denote the mean of triplicate experiments ± SEM. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001, ****p < .0001.
![Figure 1. TNF-α secretion from DC2.4 cells treated with MGlu-Aquaβ-modified liposomes and TLR4 inhibition assay. DC2.4 cells were pre-incubated with or without TAK-242 (TLR4 signal inhibitor, 5 μmol/L). After 1 h incubation, the cells were treated with MGlu-Aquaβ-modified liposomes for 24 h (lipid concentration: 0.2 mmol/L). TNF-α in cell culture supernatants was measured using ELISA. OL-NE, non-extruded and OVA-loaded liposomes. OL-1000, OL-400, OL-200, OVA-loaded liposomes extruded through polycarbonate membranes of 1000, 400 or 200 nm pore sizes. Results denote the mean of triplicate experiments ± SEM. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001, ****p < .0001.](/cms/asset/d805bb1b-3097-4afa-9b18-8820845bec2d/tbeq_a_2358992_f0001_c.jpg)
Figure 2. Cellular association of MGlu-Aquaβ-modified liposomes. DC2.4 cells were incubated with various size-controlled DiI-labeled liposomes modified with MGlu-Aquaβ (OL-NE, OL-1000, OL-400 or OL-200) for 4 h. The fluorescence intensities of the cells were analyzed using a flow cytometer. OL-NE, non-extruded and OVA-loaded liposomes. OL-1000, OL-400, OL-200, OVA-loaded liposomes extruded through polycarbonate membranes of 1000, 400 or 200 nm pore sizes. Results represent the mean values of triplicate experiments ± SEM.
![Figure 2. Cellular association of MGlu-Aquaβ-modified liposomes. DC2.4 cells were incubated with various size-controlled DiI-labeled liposomes modified with MGlu-Aquaβ (OL-NE, OL-1000, OL-400 or OL-200) for 4 h. The fluorescence intensities of the cells were analyzed using a flow cytometer. OL-NE, non-extruded and OVA-loaded liposomes. OL-1000, OL-400, OL-200, OVA-loaded liposomes extruded through polycarbonate membranes of 1000, 400 or 200 nm pore sizes. Results represent the mean values of triplicate experiments ± SEM.](/cms/asset/37e801a4-8f14-43bb-a32e-323d24aac44f/tbeq_a_2358992_f0002_c.jpg)
Figure 3. Cytokine secretion in lymph nodes derived from mice immunized with PBS, OL-NE, OL-1000, OL-400 or OL-200. IFN-γ (a), TNF-α (b), IL-4 (c) and IL-12 (d) in lymph nodes collected 7 days after immunization were measured using ELISA. Each result represents the mean value ± SEM for a group of five mice. OL-NE, non-extruded and OVA-loaded liposomes. OL-1000, OL-400, OL-200, OVA-loaded liposomes extruded through polycarbonate membranes of 1000, 400 or 200 nm pore sizes. *p < .05, **p < .01.
![Figure 3. Cytokine secretion in lymph nodes derived from mice immunized with PBS, OL-NE, OL-1000, OL-400 or OL-200. IFN-γ (a), TNF-α (b), IL-4 (c) and IL-12 (d) in lymph nodes collected 7 days after immunization were measured using ELISA. Each result represents the mean value ± SEM for a group of five mice. OL-NE, non-extruded and OVA-loaded liposomes. OL-1000, OL-400, OL-200, OVA-loaded liposomes extruded through polycarbonate membranes of 1000, 400 or 200 nm pore sizes. *p < .05, **p < .01.](/cms/asset/fb3a666e-3e98-4777-80ff-dd546b122f83/tbeq_a_2358992_f0003_c.jpg)
Figure 4. Antitumor effects of OVA-loaded liposomes modified with MGlu-Aquaβ. Changes in the mice tumor volume (a) and survival of mice (b) were monitored after E.G7-OVA cell inoculation (5.0 × 105 cells per mouse). C57BL/6 mice were immunized on days 7 and 14 after tumor inoculation with PBS and liposomes. Arrows indicate the days of sample injection. OL-NE, non-extruded and OVA-loaded liposomes. OL-1000, OL-400, OL-200, OVA-loaded liposomes extruded through polycarbonate membranes of 1000, 400 or 200 nm pore sizes. Each result represents the mean ± SEM for a group of five mice. *p < .05.
![Figure 4. Antitumor effects of OVA-loaded liposomes modified with MGlu-Aquaβ. Changes in the mice tumor volume (a) and survival of mice (b) were monitored after E.G7-OVA cell inoculation (5.0 × 105 cells per mouse). C57BL/6 mice were immunized on days 7 and 14 after tumor inoculation with PBS and liposomes. Arrows indicate the days of sample injection. OL-NE, non-extruded and OVA-loaded liposomes. OL-1000, OL-400, OL-200, OVA-loaded liposomes extruded through polycarbonate membranes of 1000, 400 or 200 nm pore sizes. Each result represents the mean ± SEM for a group of five mice. *p < .05.](/cms/asset/31c84fc8-be27-4de3-9f92-d556068949da/tbeq_a_2358992_f0004_c.jpg)
Supplemental Material
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All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the article are present in the article and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data are available from the corresponding author [E.Y.] upon reasonable request.