Chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil from anise hyssop

Figures & data

Figure 1. Anise hyssop cultivated in the Institute of Roses, Essential and Medical Plants, Agricultural Academy, Kazanlak, Bulgaria (authors’ images).

Figure 2. Laboratory copper distillation apparatus (authors’ images).

Figure 3. Chromatogram of anise hyssop essential oil (compound numbers ccorrespond to those in Table 1).

Table 1. Chemical composition of anise hyssop essential oil, %.

Peak	Compound	RT^a, min	RI^b calc	RI^c Adams [17]	% of TIC
1	Sabinene	11.33	965	969	0.20 ± 0.0
2	1-Octen-3-ol	11.47	972	974	0.13 ± 0.0
3	Myrcene	11.61	990	988	0.09 ± 0.0
4	Limonene	12.96	1023	1024	9.90 ± 0.09
5	ß-Linalool	15.16	1097	1095	0.08 ± 0.0
6	1-Octen-3-ol, acetate	15.40	1108	1110	1.84 ± 0.01
7	Methyl chavicol	18.43	1195	1195	82.03 ± 0.80
8	ß-Bourbonene	23.32	1390	1387	0.25 ± 0.0
9	Methyl eugenol	23.67	1402	1403	1.24 ± 0.01
10	ß-Caryophyllene	24.27	1420	1417	2.35 ± 0.02
11	a-Humulene	25.16	1450	1452	0.09 ± 0.0
12	Methyl isoeugenol	25.80	1490	1491	1.07 ± 0.01
13	Bicyclogermacrene	26.15	1501	1500	0.34 ± 0.0
Oxygenated aliphatics, %					1.98
Monoterpene hydrocarbons, %					10.23
Oxygenated monoterpenes, %					0.08
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, %					3.04
Phenyl propanoids, %					84.67

^a Retention time, min.

^b Calculated retention index.

^c Retention (Kovat’s) index.

Table 2. Antimicrobial activity of anise hyssop essential oil.

Test-microorganisms	Diameters of the zones of inhibition, mm	DMSO
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538	25.7 ± 0.5	8.1 ± 0.5
Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228	–*	–*
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633	–	–
Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876	12.3 ± 0.2	–
Escherichia coli ATCC 8739	–	–
Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 9027	–	–
Salmonella abony NCTC 6017	–	–
Candida albicans ATCC 10231	16.5 ± 0.5	–
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763	16.3 ± 0.4	–
Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404	–	–
Fusarium moniliforme	–	–

* No inhibition of microbial activity was observed.

Table 3. Antioxidant activity of anise hyssop essential oil.

ABTS		DPPH		CUPRAC	FRAP
µmol TE/mL	IC50, mg/mL	µmol TE/mL	IC50, mg/mL	µmol TE/mL	µmol TE/mL
32.36 ± 3.77^b	99.93 ± 8.13	21.61 ± 1.06^a	83.33 ± 4.16	19.94 ± 0.54^a	29.56 ± 1.94^b

*Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). 

Adams R. Identification of Essential Oil Components By Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy; Allured Publishing Corporation: Carol Stream, IL, USA, 2007.

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (H.F.) upon reasonable request.