Sustainable tourism: a comprehensive literature review on frameworks and applications

Figures & data

Table 1. Applied papers in ‘Paradigm’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Global Approach	Bramwell and Lane (1993)	Paradigm
2	Perspectives on Tourism Development	Eccles and Costa (1996)	Paradigm
3	The Challenge of Sustainable Tourism	McMinn (1997)	Paradigm
4	A Framework of Approaches to Sustainable Tourism	Clarke (1997)	Paradigm
5	Sustainable Tourism: Contributing to the Debates	Bramwell and Lane (1999)	Paradigm
6	Sustainable Tourism: Learning from Indian Religious Traditions	Gupta (1999)	Paradigm
7	Environmental Changes Associated with Mass Urban Tourism and Nature Tourism Development in Hong Kong	Jim (2000)	Paradigm
8	Sustainable Tourism or Sustainable Mobility? The Norwegian Case	Høyer (2000)	Paradigm
9	Sustainable Tourism and the question of the commons	Briassoulis (2002)	Paradigm
10	Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique	Liu (2003)	Paradigm
11	The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective	Aitchison, MacLeod, and Shaw (2004)	Paradigm
12	Operators' Attitudes Toward Sustainable Tourism Development Concept in Ghana	Okeiyi, Okrah, Okeiyi, and Bryant (2005)	Paradigm
13	conceptualising YIELD Sustainable Tourism Management	Northcote and Macbeth (2006)	Paradigm
14	Sustainable Tourism: Ethical Alternative or Marketing Ploy?	Lansing and De Vries (2006)	Paradigm
15	Performance, Conformance and Change: Towards a Sustainable Tourism Strategy for Scotland	Macleod and Todnem (2007)	Paradigm
16	4L Tourism (Landscape, Leisure, Learning and Limit): Responding to New Motivations and Expectations Of Tourists to Improve the Competitiveness of Alpine Destinations in a Sustainable Way	Franch, Martini, Buffa, and Parisi (2008)	Paradigm
17	Priorities in Sustainable Tourism Research	Bramwell and Lane (2008)	Paradigm
18	Managing Sustainable Tourism in Lithuania: Dream or reality?	Grundey (2008)	Paradigm
19	Public Understanding of Sustainable Tourism	Miller, Rathouse, Scarles, Holmes, and Tribe (2010)	Paradigm
20	The Challenge of Sustainable Tourism Development in the Maldives: Understanding the Social and Political Dimensions of Sustainability	Scheyvens (2011)	Paradigm (Social and political perspectives)
21	Crises, Sustainable Tourism and Achieving Critical Understanding	Bramwell and Lane (2011)	Paradigm
22	Sustainable Tourism: Research and Reality	Buckley (2012)	Paradigm
23	The Awareness/Attitude-Gap in Sustainable Tourism: A Theoretical Perspective	Antimova, Nawijn, and Peeters (2012)	Paradigm
24	Towards Innovation in Sustainable Tourism Research?	Bramwell and Lane (2012)	Paradigm
25	Getting From Here To There: Systems Change, Behavioural Change and Sustainable Tourism	Bramwell and Lane (2013)	Paradigm

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 2. Applied papers in ‘Sustainable tourism development’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Alternative Tourism and Sustainable Development in Kenya	Sindiga (1999)	Sustainable tourism development (Eco-tourism)
2	Challenges of Sustainable Tourism Development in the Developing World: The Case of Turkey	Tosun (2001)	Sustainable Tourism development (Challenges in developing countries)
3	The Development of Indicators for Sustainable Tourism: Results of a Delphi Survey of Tourism Researchers	Miller (2001)	Sustainable Tourism development (Identifying indicators)
4	The Development of Sustainable Tourism in the Guianas	Sinclair and Jayawardena (2003)	Sustainable tourism development
5	Sustainable Tourism Development in the Caribbean: Practical Challenges	Harrison, Jayawardena, and Clayton (2003)	Sustainable tourism development (Challenges)
6	Sustainable Tourism Development In Canada: Practical Challenges	Jayawardena (2003)	Sustainable tourism development (Challenges)
7	Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case Study of North Cyprus	Altinay and Hussain (2005)	Sustainable tourism development
8	The Problems and Prospects of Sustainable Tourism Development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana	Mbaiwa (2005)	Sustainable tourism development (challenges)
9	Sustainable Tourism Development in the Red Sea of Egypt. Threats and Opportunities	Shaalan (2005)	Sustainable Tourism development (Environmental policy)
10	Sustainable Tourism Development on Kenya's Coast: A Hospitality Sector View	Irandu (2006)	Sustainable tourism development (Coast areas)
11	Sustainable Development in Tourism Municipalities: The Role of Public Goods	Torrent (2008)	Sustainable Tourism development (role of municipalities)
12	Technical Approach for a Sustainable Tourism Development. Case Study in the Balearic Islands	Fortuny, Soler, Canovas, and Sanches (2008)	Sustainable Tourism development (Technical approach)
13	Sustainable Tourism Development in Niagara Discussions, Theories, Projects and Insights	Jayawardena, Patterson, Choi, and Brain (2008)	Sustainable tourism development (Paradigm)
14	Sustainable Tourism Development in Remote Regions? Questions Arising From Research in the North Kimberley, Australia	Larson and Herr (2008)	Sustainable tourism development (Remote regions)
15	Developing Sustainable Tourism: Managers’ Assessment of Jamaica’s Ten-Year Master Plan	Kennett-Hensel, Sneath, and Hensel (2010)	Sustainable tourism development (Strategic management)
16	Sustainable Tourism Industry Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Consequences of Foreign Hotels For Local Employment	Fortanier and van Wijk (2010)	Sustainable Tourism development (Employment)
17	Visitor Perspectives on Sustainable Tourism Development in the Pitons Management Area World Heritage Site, St. Lucia	Nicholas and Thapa (2010)	Sustainable tourism development (Visitor perspectives)
18	Sustainable Development of Tourism Industry in China Under The Low-carbon Economy	Tang, Shi, and Liu (2011)	Sustainable Tourism development (Low carbon economy)
19	Environmental Performance Measurement of Tourism Accommodations in the Pilgrimage Urban Areas: The Case of the Holy City of Mashhad, Iran	Aminian (2012)	Sustainable Tourism development (Energy)

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 3. Applied papers in ‘Market research and economics’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Marketing, Sustainable Development and International Tourism	Eccles (1995)	Market research
2	Assessing Tourists’ Preferences for Recreational and Environmental Management Programmes Central to the Sustainable Development of a Tourism Area in the Dominican Republic	Mercado and Lassoie (2002)	Market research
3	Optimising Tourism Destination Development in Canada	Joppe (2003)	Market tourism
4	Tourism and the General Agreement on Trade in Services Sustainability and Other Developmental Concerns	George & Henthorne (2007)	Market research
5	Sustainable Transport, Market Segmentation And Tourism: The Looe Valley Branch Line Railway, Cornwall, UK	Dallen (2007)	Market research (Transport)
6	Sustainability in Tourism Destinations: Exploring the Boundaries of Eco-Efficiency and Green Communications	Holleran (2008)	Market research
7	Sustainable Tourism Rapid Indicators for Less-developed Islands: An Economic Perspective	Reddy (2008)	Economic
8	Selective Marketing for Environmentally Sustainable Tourism	Dolnicar and Leisch (2008)	Market research
9	Destination and Enterprise Management for a Tourism Future	Dwyer et al. (2009)	Market Research (Future global trends)
10	Economic Cycles, Times of Change and Sustainable Tourism	Bramwell and Lane (2009)	Economic
11	The Assessment of Sustainable Tourism: Application to Spanish Coastal Destinations	Blancas, Gonzalez, Lozano-Oyola, and Perez (2010)	Market research
12	Whole Life Sustainability in the Design of Tourist Resorts a Coastal Alteration Prediction Model (CAP) Using GIS and Statistical Tools	Ismail and Khalil (2010)	Market research
13	The Evaluation of Tourism Destination Competitiveness by TOPSIS & Information Entropy. A Case in the Yangtze River Delta of China	Zhang, Gu, Gu, and Zhang (2011)	Market research
14	(No) Competitiveness and Sustainable Development of Serbian Tourism	Petrović-Ranđelović and Miletić (2012)	Market research
15	Tourism in Kenya: An Analysis of Strategic Issues and Challenges	Mayaka and Prasad (2012)	Market research
16	Monitoring and Evaluation Tool for Tourism Destinations	Rio and Nunes (2012)	Market research
17	Implementation of a Sustainable Business Cycle: The Case of a Tourism Project in Puerto Rico	Santos-Corrada and Figueroa (2012)	Market research

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 4. Applied papers in ‘Policy making’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Attitudes Towards 'Sustainable Tourism' in the UK: A View from Local Government	Godfrey (1998)	Policy Making (Local Government)
2	Improving Tourism Policy Implementation and the Use of Hybrid MCDM Models	Liu et al., (2013)	Policy Making
3	Assessing a Voluntary Environmental Initiative in the Developing World: The Costa Rican Certi¢cation For Sustainable Tourism*	Rivera (2002)	Policy-making
4	Policy Coherence and Sustainable Tourism in the Caribbean	Clayton (2003)	Policy-making
5	Stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism Development and their Roles: Applying Stakeholder Theory to Sustainable Tourism Development	Byrd (2007)	Policy-making
6	Requirements for Sustainable Nature-Based Tourism in Transfrontier Conservation Areas: A Southern African Delphi Consultation	Spenceley (2008)	Policy-making
7	Social Learning and Sustainable Tourism Development; Local Quality Conventions in Tourism: A Greek Case Study	Koutsouris (2009)	Policy-making
8	Taxing Tourism: Enhancing or Reducing Welfare?	Sheng and Tsui (2009)	Policy-making
9	Implementing Sustainable Tourism in Scotland: An Interview	Lane (2009a)	Policy-making (Review)
10	Sustainable Performance Index for Tourism Policy Development	Castellani and Sala (2010)	Policy-making (Tourism policy development
11	Sustainable Tourism and the Evolving Roles of Government Planning	Bramwell and Lane (2010)	Policy-making (Governance)
12	Policy Learning and Policy Failure in Sustainable Tourism Governance: from First- and Second-order to Third-order Change?	Hall (2011)	Policy-making
13	A Combined ANP-Delphi Approach to Evaluate Sustainable Tourism	García-Melón, Gómez-Navarro, and Acuña-Dutra (2012)	Policy-making (Participatory decision-making)

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 5. Applied papers in ‘Infrastructure’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Sustainable Tourism: The Role of the Small Firm	Horobin and Long (1996)	Infrastructure (Role of small firms)
2	Voluntary Carbon Offsetting Schemes for Aviation: Efficiency, Credibility and Sustainable Tourism	Gössling et al. (2007)	Infrastructure (Eco-system in transportation)
3	Environmental Supply Chain Management in Tourism: The Case of Large Tour Operators	Adriana (2009)	Infrastructure in Environmental management (Supply Chain Management)
4	Managing Dive Tourism for the Sustainable Use of Coral Reefs: Validating Diver Perceptions of Attractive Site Features	Uyarra, Watkinson, and Cote (2009)	Infrastructure (Dive tourism)
5	Ecological Footprint Analysis of Road Transport Related to Tourism Activity: The Case for Lanzarote Island	Martin Cejas and Ramirez Sanchez (2010)	Infrastructure in Environmental management (Ecological footprint)
6	Environmental Governance for Sustainable Tourism Development: Collaborative Networks And Organisation Building in the Antalya Tourism Region	Ozturk and Eraydin (2010)	Sustainable Tourism development (Environmental governance)
7	Evaluation on Sustainable Development of Scenic Zone Based on Tourism Ecological Footprint: Case Study of Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei Province, China	Sanagustin Fons et al. (2011)	Infrastructure in Environmental management (Ecological footprint)
8	A Sustainable Tourism Mobility Passage	Verbeek et al. (2011)	Infrastructure (Transport)
9	Sustainable Tourism Certification and State Capacity: Keep it Local, Simple, and Fuzzy	Bowman (2011)	Infrastructure (Planning)
10	Application of Corporate Social Responsibility Approach in Bulgaria to Support Sustainable Tourism Development	Matev and Assenova (2012)	Sustainable tourism development (corporate social responsibility)
11	Improving Metro–Airport Connection Service for Tourism Development: Using Hybrid MCDM Models	Liu, Tzeng, Lee, and Lee (2013)	Infrastructure in Environmental management (Transport)

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 6. Applied papers in ‘Modelling and planning’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Planning, Changing Landscapes and Tourism in Singapore	Henderson (2005)	Planning
2	Creating and Implementing a Model for Sustainable Development in Tourism Enterprises	Kernel (2005)	Sustainable Tourism development (modelling)
3	Partial Industrialization in Tourism: A New Model	Leiper, Stear, Hing, and Firth (2008)	Modelling
4	Modelling Sustainable International Tourism Demand to the Brazilian Amazon	Divino and McAleer (2009)	Modelling (Tourism demand)
5	Developing Sustainable Tourism, Using a Multi-criteria Analysis on Renewable Energy in Mediterranean Islands	Michalena, Hills, and Amat (2009)	Sustainable Tourism development (Energy)
6	A Sustainable Tourism Planning Model: Components and Relationships	Padin (2012)	Planning
7	Sustainable Tourism Development Strategy by SWOT Analysis: Boujagh National Park, Iran	Reihanian, Binti Mahmood, Kahrom, and Hin (2012)	Sustainable Tourism development (Strategic planning)
8	A Multi-layer Matrix Model of Sustainable Tourism Process, Measurement Areas, Gap and Reconnection Analyses	Padin and Svensson (2013)	Modelling
9	A Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) for Sustainable Tourism Planning in Johor Ramsar Sites, Malaysia	Aminu et al. (2013)	Sustainable tourism planning

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 7. Applied papers in ‘Rural tourism’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Market Integration And Ecosystem Degradation: Is Sustainable Tourism Development in Rural Communities a Contradiction in Terms?	Gossling (2003)	Rural tourism (Sustainable development)
2	Entrepreneurship Development and Tourism in Rural African Communities	Austin (2003)	Rural tourism
3	The Impact of Tourism on Agriculture in Lugu Lake Region	Liu, Liu, Hu, Wu, and Dai (2008)	Rural tourism
4	Rural Tourism in China	Su (2011)	Rural tourism
5	Rural Tourism: A Sustainable Alternative	Huiqin and Linchun (2011)	Rural tourism
6	Developing Sustainable Rural Tourism Evaluation Indicators	Park and Yoon (2011)	Rural Tourism
7	Sustainable Rural Tourism In Iran: A Perspective from Hawraman Village	Ghaderi and Henderson (2012)	Rural tourism
8	Finding the Crucial Factors for Sustainable Development of Rural-based Tourist Destinations: Using Nanzhuang, Taiwan as a Case Study	Tan, Liu, and Hu (2012)	Rural tourism (Sustainable development)

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 8. Applied papers in ‘Environment and crises management’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Tourism and the Environment: A Geographical Perspective	Butler (2000)	Environmental management
2	Sustainable Development in Small Island Developing States: The Case of the Maldvies	Ghina (2003)	Environmental management
3	Mountain Tourism: Toward a Conceptual Framework	Nepal and Chipeniuk (2005)	Environmental management
4	Sustainability Indicators For Managing Community Tourism	Choi and Sirakaya (2006)	Tourism management
5	Crisis Management, Tourism and Sustainability: The Role of Indicators	de Sausmarez (2007)	Crises management
6	Managing Protected Areas for Sustainable Tourism: Prospects for Adaptive Co-management	Plummer and Fennell (2009)	Environmental management
7	Tourism and Hospitality Small and Medium Enterprises and Environmental Sustainability	Alonso and Ogle (2010)	Environmental management
8	Environmental and Energy-Related Challenges to Sustainable Tourism in the United States and China	Day and Cai (2012)	Environmental management

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 9. Applied papers in ‘Eco-system and eco-tourism’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Celestial Ecotourism: New Horizons in Nature-based Tourism	Jie, Kezun, and Guiqin (2000)	Eco-tourism
2	Forest Parks and Sustainable Development of Ecotourism in China	Sasidharan, Sirakaya, and Kerstetter (2002)	Sustainable tourism development (eco-tourism)
3	Developing Countries and Tourism Ecolabels	Gibson, Dodds, Joppe, and Jamieson (2003)	Protects the natural capitals (Ecosystems)
4	Ecotourism in the City? Toronto’s Green Tourism Association	Knowd (2006)	Eco-tourism (Green tourism)
5	Tourism as a Mechanism for Farm Survival	Viducic (2008)	Eco-system
6	Sustainable Development of Maritime Tourism in Croatia 2007–2015	Weaver (2011b)	Sustainable tourism development (maritime tourism)

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 10. Applied papers in ‘Climate change’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Developing an Approach for Tourism Climate Change Assessment: Evidence from Four Contrasting Australian Case Studies	Turton et al. (2010)	Climate change
2	Can Sustainable Tourism Survive Climate Change?	Weaver (2011a)	Climate change
3	Why Sustainable Tourism Must Address Climate Change	Scot (2011)	Climate change
4	Climate Change and Tourism: An Overview	Pang, McKercher, and Prideaux (2013)	Climate change
5	Tourism, climate change and Adaptation: A Review	Kaján and Saarinen (2013)	Climate change

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 11. Applied papers in ‘Ecology’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	The Eco-efficiency of Tourism	Gossling et al. (2005)	Ecology (Transportation)
2	Ecologically Sustainable Tourism Management	L. Lim and M. McAleer (2005)	Ecology
3	The Ecological Footprint as a Key Indicator of Sustainable Tourism	Hunter and Shaw (2007)	Ecological indicator (Footprint)

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 12. Applied papers in ‘Culture and heritage’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Urban Management and Heritage Tourism for Sustainable Development the Case of Elmina Cultural Heritage and Management Programme in Ghana	Ato Arthur and Mensah (2006)	Sustainable tourism development (Urban management)
2	Environmental, Cultural, Economic and Socio-Community Sustainability: A Framework for Sustainable Tourism in Resort Destinations	Richins (2009)	Environmental, cultural, economic and socio-community Sustainability
3	Sustainable Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Global Responsibility. Sichuan Towers Case Study	Bordignon et al. (2009)	Cultural

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 13. Applied papers in ‘Human resource management’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Skills Development in Tourism: South Africa’s Tourism-led Development Strategy	Kaplan (2004)	Human Resource Management (Empowerment)
2	Information and Empowerment: The Keys to Achieving Sustainable Tourism	Cole (2006)	Human Resource Management (Empowerment)

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 14. Applied papers in ‘Energy and material saving’.

	Title	Author	Field
1	Transport and Tourism: Cycle Tourism – A Model for Sustainable Development?	Lumsdon (2000)	Sustainable tourism development (transport)
2	Contribution of the Solar Energy in the Sustainable Tourism Development of the Mediterranean Islands	Michalena and Tripanagnostopoulos (2010)	Sustainable Tourism development (Energy)

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 15. Distribution by categories and the references.

	Category	Reference
1	Paradigm	Briassoulis (2002); Northcote and Macbeth (2006); Miller et al. (2010); Buckley (2012); Lansing and De Vries (2006); McMinn (1997); Jim (2000); Scheyvens (2011); Macleod and Todnem (2007); Gupta (1999); Eccles and Costa (1996); Antimova et al. (2012); Franch et al. (2008); Grundey (2008); Bramwell and Lane (2012); Bramwell and Lane (2013); Bramwell and Lane (2011); Høyer (2000); Liu (2003); Bramwell and Lane (2008); Bramwell and Lane (1993); Clarke (1997); Bramwell and Lane (1999); Aitchison et al. (2004); Okeiyi et al. (2005)
2	Sustainable tourism development	Tosun (2001); Miller (2001); Torrent (2008Shaalan (2005); Fortuny et al. (2008); Fortanier and van Wijk (2010); Kitnuntaviwat & Tang (2008); Larson and Herr (2008); Nicholas and Thapa (2010); Sinclair and Jayawardena (2003); Harrison et al. (2003); Jayawardena (2003); Altinay and Hussain (2005); Jayawardena et al. (2008); Kennett-Hensel et al. (2010); Irandu (2006); Mbaiwa (2005); Sindiga (1999); Aminian (2012)
3	Market research and economics	Dolnicar and Leisch (2008); Dwyer et al. (2009); Zhang et al. (2011); Petrović-Ranđelović and Miletić (2012); Mayaka and Prasad (2012); Rio and Nunes (2012); Blancas et al. (2010); Mercado and Lassoie (2002); Santos-Corrada and Figueroa (2012); Eccles (1995); George and Henthorne (2007); Joppe (2003); Ismail and Khalil (2010); Holleran (2008); Dallen (2007); Reddy (2008); Bramwell and Lane (2009)
4	Policy making	Liu, Tzeng, and Lee (2012); Godfrey (1998); Castellani and Sala (2010); Rivera (2002); Byrd (2007); Clayton (2003); Hall (2011); Koutsouris (2009); Sheng and Tsui (2009); Bramwell and Lane (2010); Lane (2009a); Spenceley (2008); García-Melón et al. (2012)
5	Infrastructure	Adriana (2009); Martin Cejas and Ramirez Sanchez (2010); Liu et al. (2013); Sanagustin Fons et al. (2011); Uyarra et al. (2009); Horobin and Long (1996); Verbeek et al. (2011); Bowman (2011); Gössling et al. (2007) ); Ozturk and Eraydin (2010); Matev and Assenova (2012)
6	Modelling and planning	Henderson (2005); Kernel (2005); Leiper et al. (2008) ; Michalena et al. (2009); Divino and McAleer (2009); Padin (2012); Reihanian et al. (2012); Padin and Svensson (2013); Aminu et al. (2013)
7	Rural tourism	Su (2011); Ghaderi and Henderson (2012); Huiqin and Linchun (2011); Tan et al. (2012); Gossling (2003); Park and Yoon (2011); Liu et al. (2008); Austin (2003)
8	Environment and crises management	Ghina (2003); Alonso and Ogle (2010); Day and Cai (2012); Plummer and Fennell (2009); Butler (2000); Nepal and Chipeniuk (2005); Choi and Sirakaya (2006); de Sausmarez (2007)
9	Eco-system and eco-tourism	Sasidharan et al. (2002); Gibson et al. (2003); Knowd (2006); Weaver (2011b); Jie et al. (2000); Viducic (2008)
10	Climate change	Scot (2011); Pang et al. (2013); Kaján and Saarinen (2013); Weaver (2011a); Turton et al. (2010)
11	Ecology	Dolnicar and Leisch (2008); Gossling et al. (2005); C. Lim and M. McAleer (2005); Hunter and Shaw (2007)
12	Culture and heritage	Richins (2009); Bordignon et al. (2009); Ato Arthur and Mensah (2006)
13	Human resource management	Kaplan (2008); Cole (2006)
14	Energy and material saving	Michalena and Tripanagnostopoulos (2010); Lumsdon (2000)

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 16. Distribution by publication year.

Years	N	Percentage
1993–1995	2	1.52
1996–1998	5	3.78
1999–2001	11	8.34
2002–2004	17	12.88
2005–2007	22	16.66
2008–2010	40	30.3
2011–2013	35	26.52
	132

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 17. Distribution by publishers.

Publisher	Number of articles	Percentage
Elsevier	41	31
Springer	12	9
Kluwer	6	4
Wiley	4	3
Emerald	26	20
Taylor & Francis	43	33
Total	132

Source: Compiled by the authors.

Table 18. Distribution by journals.

	Journal publisher and proceedings	Number of articles	Percentage
	Elsevier
1	Annals of Tourism Research	4	3
2	Tourism Management	15	11.4
3	Journal of Cleaner Production	4	3
4	Ecological Economics	1	0.75
5	Renewable Energy	1	0.75
6	International Business Review	1	0.75
7	Energy for Sustainable Development	1	0.75
8	Environmental Modelling & Software	2	1.52
9	Tourism Management Perspectives	5	3.85
10	Energy Procedia	2	1.52
11	Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences	2	1.52
12	Ecological Indicators	1	0.75
13	Applied Energy	1	0.75
14	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	1	0.75
	Springer
15	Journal of Forestry Research	1	0.75
16	Transit Stud Rev	2	1.52
17	Environmental Management	1	0.75
18	Clean Techn Environ Policy	1	0.75
19	Reg Environ Change	1	0.75
20	Journal of Business Ethics	1	0.75
21	Environ Dev Sustain	2	1.52
22	Serv Bus	1	0.75
23	Environ Earth Sci	1	0.75
24	The Environmentalist	2	1.52
	Kluwer
25	Environment, Development and Sustainability	3	2.28
26	Policy Sciences	1	0.75
27	GeoJournal	1	0.75
	Wiley
28	International Journal of Tourism Research	2	1.52
29	Sustainable Development	1	0.75
30	Asia Pacific Viewpoint	1	0.75
	Emerald
31	International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management	13	9.9
32	Tourism Review	4	3
33	European Business Review	3	2.28
34	International Journal of Social Economics	1	0.75
35	Management Research Review	1	0.75
36	Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal	2	1.52
37	International Journal of Culture Tourism and Hospitality Research	2	1.52
	Taylor & Francis
38	Technological and Economic Development of Economy	1	0.75
39	Journal of Sustainable Tourism	28	21.3
40	Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research	1	0.75
41	Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research	1	0.75
42	International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology	2	1.52
43	Current Issues in Tourism	2	1.52
44	Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing	1	0.75
45	Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment	4	3
46	Journal of Ecotourism	1	0.75
47	Journal of African Business	2	1.52
	Total	132

Source: Compiled by the authors.

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