The influence of intellectual capital on innovativeness and growth in tourism SMEs: empirical evidence from Slovenia and Croatia¹

¹The extended abstract of this article was originally presented at The 7th International Scientific Conference ‘European Union Future Perspectives: Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Economic Policy’, Pula (Croatia), May 21–23, 2015.

Figures & data

Figure 1. The proposed theoretical model. Source: Authors.

Table 1. Intellectual capital.

Var	Mean Slo	SD Slo	Mean Cro	SD Cro	Factor loadings	Total variance explained	Cronbach Alpha Coefficient	KMO and Bartlett’s Test
HC1	3.16	1.06	2.99	0.96	.782	73.3%	0.876	0.818 Sig = 0.000
HC2	3.55	0.94	3.69	0.85	.892
HC3	3.59	0.92	3.67	0.93	.874
HC4	3.35	1.01	3.55	0.97	.874
SC1	3.69	0.95	3.94	0.85	.846	80.4%	0.916	0.834 Sig = 0.000
SC2	3.78	0.89	3.98	0.84	.925
SC3	3.82	0.90	3.94	0.85	.922
SC4	3.55	1.11	3.80	0.91	.891
OC1	2.10	1.12	2.35	1.18	.737	62.5%	0.696	0.652 Sig = 0.000
OC2	3.19	1.12	3.40	1.06	.834
OC3	3.16	1.13	3.40	1.15	.796

Source: Authors’ calculations.

Table 2. Innovativeness.

Variable	Mean Slo	SD Slo	Mean Cro	SD Cro	Factor loadings	Total variance explained	Cronbach Alpha coefficient	KMO and Bartlett’s Test
PROD1	2.91	1.15	3.11	1.11	.834	67.9%	0.881	0.849 Sig = 0.000
PROD2	3.39	1.01	3.55	0.90	.836
PROD3	3.63	1.03	3.80	0.92	.839
PROD4	3.25	1.07	3.46	0.86	.838
PROD5	2.89	1.11	3.13	1.07	.772
PROC1	3.42	1.00	3.61	0.97	.727	67.9%	0.881	0.821 Sig = 0.000
PROC2	3.21	1.12	3.44	0.94	.857
PROC3	3.17	1.07	3.48	0.97	.883
PROC4	3.32	1.11	3.68	0.98	.846
PROC5	2.95	1.07	3.27	1.03	.798
MARK1	3.32	1.17	3.63	0.95	.778	62.6%	0.850	0.796 Sig = 0.000
MARK2	3.19	1.15	3.56	0.96	.846
MARK3	3.09	1.05	3.46	0.96	.792
MARK4	2.99	1.01	3.22	1.01	.792
MARK5	2.80	1.03	2.86	0.98	.744
ORG1	2.64	1.10	2.75	1.09	.854	71.9%	0.870	0.802 Sig = 0.000
ORG2	2.55	1.05	2.77	1.03	.895
ORG3	2.48	1.13	2.73	1.01	.809
ORG4	2.37	1.09	2.69	1.14	.831

Source: Authors’ calculations.

Table 3. Pearson correlations

	Human capital	Social capital	Organ capital	Product innov	Process innov	Market innov	Organ Innov	Growth
Human capital	1
Social capital	.731^**	1
Organisati capital	.520^**	.446^**	1
Product innovation	.492^**	.500^**	.467^**	1
Process innovation	.419^**	.454^**	.472^**	.672^**	1
Marketing innovation	.511^**	.446^**	.533^**	.658^**	.678^**	1
Organisat innovation	.399^**	.338^**	.490^**	.598^**	.494^**	.636^**	1
Growth	.340^**	.281^**	.266^**	.466^**	.445^**	.479^**	.362^**	1

Source: Authors’ calculations.

^** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Figure 2. The link between innovativeness and firm growth. Source: Authors’ calculations. PROD-Product/service innovation; PROC-Process innovation, MARK-Marketing innovations; ORG-Organisational Innovation, CFI = 0.95; NNFI=0.94; RMSEA=0.10; RMR=0.75.