How moral efficacy and moral attentiveness moderate the effect of abusive supervision on moral courage?

Figures & data

Figure 1. Hypothesised model.

Table 1. Coefficients for the four-factor measurement model.

Variables	Composite Reliability	Average Variance Extract	Cronbach’s α
Abusive supervision	0.92	0.63	0.91
Moral courage	0.87	0.68	0.85
Moral efficacy	0.93	0.64	0.88
Moral Attentiveness	0.88	0.69	0.92

Table 2. Results of model comparisons using a C.F.A. approach.

Models	λ²	df	Δλ²	CFI	NFI	IFI	RMSEA
Null	1753.92	263
Baseline Four Factor Model (M0)	405.36	252		.97	.95	.97	.04
Alternative models
Three Factor Model (M1) ME and MA combined	603.67	254	198.31	.86	.85	.85	.12
Two Factor Model (M2) ME, MA, and MC combined	832.47	255	288.8	.82	.81	.82	.24
One Factor Model (M1) ME, MA, MC, and AS combined	1073.82	257	241.35	.78	.75	.77	.37

Notes: A.S. = Abusive Supervision; M.C. = Moral Courage; M.E. = Moral Efficacy; M.A. = Moral Attentiveness. All models (M1, M2 and M3) compared with the four-factor model (M0).

Table 3. Means, standard deviations, and correlations.

S. No.	Variables	Mean (SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	Age	27.53 (2.71)	1
2	Gender	0.86(.14)	.07	1
3	Experience	6.84(.76)	.13*	.03	1
4	Abusive supervision	3.96(.39)	−.08	.04	−.08	1
5	Moral courage	3.48(0.61)	.09	.08	.12	−.476***	1
6	Moral efficacy	3.33(0.56)	.11	−.06	.03	−.362**	.325*	1
7	Moral attentiveness	3.62(0.53)	.02	0.01	.04	−.416*	.289**	.228*	1

Notes:

*** p < 0.001;

** p < 0.01;

* p < 0.05.

Table 4. Results of hierarchical moderated regression analysis for moral efficacy and moral attentiveness on moral courage.

	Models
	Moral Courage
	β
Steps and predictor variables	1	2	3	4
Step 1
Age	.04	.04	.02	.02
Gender	−.06	−.06	−.04	−.04
Experience	.05	.04	.03	.03
Step 2
Abusive supervision		−.429***	−.397***	−.352***
Step 3
Moral efficacy			.326**	.268**
Moral attentiveness			.277**	.215***
Step 4
Abusive supervision X Moral efficacy				.252**
Abusive supervision X Moral attentiveness				.207***
R^2	.08	.37	.44	.49
Change in R^2		.29	.07	.05
F	.87	3.17**	3.58**	4.27**

Note:

* p < 0.05;

** p < 0.01;

*** p < 0.001.

Figure 2. Interactive effects of abusive supervision and moral efficacy on nurse’s moral courage.

Figure 3. Interactive effects of abusive supervision and moral attentiveness on nurse’s moral courage.